t LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.I 






^v, 



I UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. | 



CLEVELAND ILLUSTRATED. 



A PICTORIAL HAND-BOOK 

OF THE FOREST CITY, 

COMPRISING 

Its Architecture, Manufactures and Trade; its Social 

Literary, Scientific and Charitable Institutions; 

its Churches, Schools and Colleges; and all 

other Principal Points of Interest 

to the Visitor and Resident ; 

TOGETHER WITH AN 

Account of its Most Attractive Suburbs 



/ 

By WM. PAYNE. 






Ml* 



CLEVELAND: 

KAIKHANKS HFNFniCTft CO., PR1MRRS 

1 8 7 (i . 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year ,876, by 

\V M . PAYNE, 
I„ the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



,CkP3 



^?>ill INTRODUCTIONS 




|HE United States this year celebrates the hundredth 
anniversary of its national existence. The same year 
is the eightieth since the first white settler put up 
his log-cabin in what is now the flourishing and populous 
city of Cleveland. The story of the founding and early 
history of the settlement is told, and a full and graphic 
description of the "Forest City" as it now exists given, in 
"Cleveland Illustrated." 





istorical Sketch. 



CLEVELAND, originally spelled " Cleaveland," owes 
its name and its origin to General Moses Cleaveland, 
of the State of Connecticut. Eighty years ago, on 
the 22d day of July, 1796, General Cleaveland, accompanied by 
Augustus Porter and several other members of a surveying party 
sent out by the Connecticut Land Company to survey their recently 
purchased property on the " Connecticut Western Reserve," entered 
the mouth of the Cuyahoga from the lake. General Cleaveland, 
who had supervision of the whole work, left men at the river to put 
up buildings for the surveyors and proceeded with the remainder 
to Sandusky. A couple of cabins and a storehouse were erected, 
and on the return of the remainder of the party, later in the season, 
the work of surveying and laying out a town was performed under 
the superintendence of Augustus Porter. The minutes of Mr. 
Porter state that he " surveyed a piece of land designed for a 
town, probably equal to a mile square, bounding west on the river 
and north on the lake." He made a plot of this ground, laying it 
off into streets and lots. Mr. Porter surveyed most of the streets 
himself, and then left the work in charge of Mr. Holley to complete 
the survey of the lots. The survey of the city was commenced on 
the 1 6th of September, and completed about the 1st of October, 
1796. Holley's notes state that on Monday, October 17th, he 
"finished surveying in New Connecticut; weather rainy;" on the 



8 £ ':vc (and \<Jllu Elated. 

following day he records : " We left Cuyahoga at three o'clock sev- 
enteen minutes, for HOME. We left at Cuyahoga, Job Stiles and wife, 
and Joseph Landon, with provisions for the winter." Landon soon 
abandoned the spot, and his place was taken by Edward Paine, who 
had arrived from the State of New York for the purpose of trading 
with the Indians, and who may be considered the first mercantile 
man who transacted business in Cleveland. Thus, during the winter 
of 1796-7, the population of the city consisted of three inhabitants. 
In the ensuing year, 1797, several additions were made to the 
population of the new settlement. The families of James Kingsbury, 
Major Lorenzo Carter, Ezekiel Hawley and Nathan Chapman were 
the new neighbors of Mr. and Mrs. Stiles. Major Carter brought in 
company with his family a young lady, Miss Cloe Inches. Nathan 
Chapman was accompanied with two yoke of oxen and four milch 
cows. These, being the first neat stock that ever browsed on the 
pasturage of the Cuyahoga valley, were received with even warmer 
welcome than the first young lady that graced the valley with her 
presence. The year 1797 is an important one in the annals of 
Cleveland on still other accounts. There is a scarcely authenticated 
story that about the beginning of the year the first birth in the set- 
tlement occurred in the little cabin, with only Indian squaws for 
nurses. The summer was a sickly one, and three of the surveying 
party, who came back to rest awhile, died. One of the three, David 
Eldridge, was buried in the piece of ground chosen as the site of the 
first cemetery, at the corner of Prospect and Ontario streets. This 
was the first funeral in Cleveland. Within a month after the first 
funeral the first wedding came off. Miss Cloe Inches had taken the 
fancy of William Clement, of Erie, who followed her soon after her 
arrival with the family of Major Carter, and a wedding was speedily 
arranged. The affair took place in the house of the Major, which 
he had built on the right bank of the river, under the hill near the 
mouth, and just below the store-hut of the surveying party. The 
marriage ceremony was performed by Mr. Seth Hart, of the survey- 
ing party, and who had acted as their chaplain. It was a jolly 
wedding. 



.(Cleveland '0UiiMi<ded. 9 

During the next three years considerable progress was made by 
the new settlement. The population, which at the beginning of 
1798 numbered fifteen, was increased in 1799 by the arrival of the 
families of Rodolphus Edwards and Nathaniel Doane, the latter 
numbering nine persons. These new arrivals were ninety-two days 
on their way from Connecticut. In 1800 several other families came; 
houses were put up in different parts of the plateau upon which the 
city east of the river now stands, a township school was organized 
and the children taught by Sarah Doane. That year was also 
noticeable for the first sermon, which was preached by the Rev. 
Joseph Badger, sent out by the Connecticut Missionary Society. 

We are fortunately able to give a good representation of Cleve- 
land under the hill as it was in 1800, taken from a sketch made at 
the time by Allen Gaylord, of Newburgh. The mouth of the river, 
as shown in the sketch, lies to the west of the present mouth. To 
the left of it is the old river bed, with a natural mound beyond it. 
The mound has long since entirely disappeared. The first house 
seen as the river is entered is that of Major Carter, which figures 
conspicuously in all the incidents of the early history of the settle- 
ment. Within its hospitable log walls were held the councils of the 
settlers, the social gatherings, and the public merry-makings. Close 
by it ran the trail to the settlement on the hill, terminating in a 
landing on the river. The small log-cabin across the trail is the 
store-house of the surveyors; and still farther to the right of the 
picture is the cabin of the surveyors, which became known as 
" Pease's Hotel." Between the two cabins put up by the surveyors 
is a ravine with a small stream flowing out of the side-hill into the 
river. By the side of this stream, in the same year, David Bryant 
built a still-house, having brought the still from Virginia. The 
whisky was made from wheat, and was the first the settlers had to 
indulge themselves with, except such as each family, as they arrived, 
brought with them for home use. 

When the settlement was five years old, in 1801, the "first fam- 
ilies" of Cleveland determined to celebrate the "glorious Fourth" 
by a grand ball. It proved one of the greatest successes of the time. 



10 



iwiuiia ^ c? '////.) 1i a fed 







Cleveland i^lhiiUafwi. I i 



The elite of Cleveland were there. As every white person in the 
settlement belonged to the e/ite, it followed that all who were able to 
dance, or drink new whisky, or see others do so, were promptly on 
hand at the appointed time. Thirty persons took part in the cere-, 
monies of the occasion. Major Samuel Jones presided at the fiddle 
and called off the figures. John Wood, Benjamin Wood, and R. H. 
Blinn were the floor managers. How one couple went to the ball 
has been put on record by the beau of the occasion. Distiller 
Bryant's son Oilman was among the invited guests. Gilman Bryant 
was then seventeen years old, and had taken a fancy to Miss Doan, 
who had recently arrived at the Corners. The young lady, fourteen 
years old, was solicited to accompany Gilman Bryant to the ball, and 
graciously consented. Gilman dressed himself in a fashionable suit 
of the period, made up of gingham, queued his hair with a yard and a 
half of black ribbon to the size and thickness of a corn-cob, greased 
it with a candle and plastered it with flour, tied on his heavy brogans 
and donned his wool hat, mounted his " Dobbin gray," like the wooer 
in the old ballad, and jogged off to the cabin of the Doans. Miss 
Doan was anxiously awaiting his coming, and lost no time in fixing 
her toilet. Mounting a stump by the side of the cabin she spread 
her under petticoat on the old horse, behind her beau, rolled up her 
calico dress to keep it clean, jumped up and putting her arm around 
her companion's waist rode off in state and enjoyment. They found 
the company assembled at Major Carter's house ready to begin. 
Major Jones' fiddle gave a preliminary squeak, the couples took 
their places, and then away they went to the tune of " Fisher's Horn- 
pipe " or " Hi ! Betty Martin." How the heavy brogans drummed 
away on the rough puncheon floor in the scamper-down, double- 
shuffle, western swing, and half-moon ! When the dancers grew 
heated, or the fiddler's elbow needed greasing, Bryant's whisky, 
sweetened with maple sugar, refreshed the former and limbered up 
the latter. It is doubtful if any dance since Cleveland has reached 
the dignity of the second city of Ohio afforded more unalloyed 
enjoyment than that Fourth of July ball in Major Carter's log-cabin 
seventy-five years ago. 



12 C (e v eland r ,cJ//ii-) tl a fed. 

Major Carter's house was, in the following year, the school-house 
for the children of the settlement near the river, the teacher being 
Anna Spafford. Still another year and the house was temporarily 
turned into the pioneer store, Elisha Norton having arrived with a 
stock of goods for the Indian trade, which he opened up in Major 
Carter's cabin. In that year, 1803, the State was admitted into the 
Union, and the first election was held at James Kingsbury's house. 
The next year a post-office was established and a weekly mail sent. 
A year later, 1805, the harbor was made a port of entry, and at the 
same time the territory on the west side of the Cuyahoga was ceded 
to the State by treaty. One of the commissioners for the negotiation 
of the treaty, Hon. Gideon Granger, astonished his fellow commis- 
sioners by the prediction that within fifty years an extensive city 
would occupy the grounds at the mouth of the Cuyahoga, and that 
vessels would sail from the river directly into the Atlantic ocean. 
The prediction, then deemed utterly wild, has been completely 
fulfilled, except that a very few years were needed to realize the 
promise of ships sailing out of the Cuyahoga river directly to the 
Atlantic ocean. 

The first militia training was held in 1806, when about fifty men 
turned out at the rendezvous near Doan's Corners. The county of 
Cuyahoga was organized in 1809 and Cleveland made the county 
seat. The first court of record was held in a frame building on the 
north side of Superior street, Judge Ruggles and three associate 
judges holding court. The clerk was John Walworth, and the sheriff 
S. S. Baldwin. The court opened on the 5th of June, 1810. The 
first business done was the finding of a bill by the grand jury for 
petit larceny, and several for the offense of selling whisky to Indians 
and for selling foreign goods without a license. Two years after- 
ward the first Court-house, built of logs, was erected on the Public 
Square, and in the same year the first execution took place, an 
Indian, Omic, being hung for the murder of two white trappers near 
Sandusky City. In the autumn of that year, 181 2, occurred the 
famous scare resulting from Hull's surrender. A frightened woman 
at Huron saw a fleet of vessels bearing down the coast, and, supposing 



iBlcveland %$Uu6tiated. /s 

them to be British, bound for Cleveland on a mission of destruc- 
tion, caught up her two children and rode for life and death to that 
place, spreading the alarm as she went. At two in the morning she 
galloped into Cleveland, screaming at the top of her voice, " The 
British and Indians are coming!" The whole settlement turned out. 
The women and children, with some men as guards, took to the 
woods in the direction of Euclid. The greater part of the fighting 
force, after dispatching messengers to alarm the surrounding country, 
marched to the river, prepared to give the unwelcome visitors as 
warm a reception as was in their power. When the vessels entered 
the river they proved to be friendly ships with Hull's troops. The 
scare ended in uproarious laughter. 

What Cleveland was in 1814 can be seen by reference to a map 
of the village at that time, which we reproduce from Whittlesey's 
"Early History of Cleveland." Col. Whittlesey says it is a reduced 
copy of Amos Spafford's map of 1801, copied by the late Alfred 
Kelley, who put on all the buildings in existence in 1814, which are 
indicated in black. Col. Whittlesey added the harbor and the 
various shore lines, together with the buildings of an earlier date 
than the record of this map. The different positions of the shore 
lines are shown by the dates of the surveys, thus: 1796, 1801, 1827, 
1831, 1842, etc. 

Buildings in 18 14. 

□ Buildings of an earlier date. 

a. Fort Huntington, 1813. 

b. Trading house of 1786. 

c. Carter's first cabin, 1797. 

d. Job P. Stiles' first cabin, 1796. 

e. Surveyors' first cabin, 1796. 

f. Surveyors' cabin on the hill, 1797. 

g. Cemetery lot, 1797. 

//. Jail and Court-house, 181 2. 

/. Kingsbury's first cabin, 1797. 

k. Carter's house on the hill, 1803. 

The additions made by Colonel Whittlesey show very important 



'J&k'vcland 1c7//tnf;afed. /.; 

changes in the river entrance and shore lines after the original date 
of the map. The history of the harbor changes tells the story of 
the gradual rise of Cleveland's importance as a commercial port. At 
the date of the map the harbor offered few facilities to lake craft of 
even the smallest size. The river mouth' was frequently so choked 
with sand that persons crossed it dry shod. Few attempts were 
made by shipping to enter the river, the cargoes being landed in 
lighters. The first scheme for the improvement of the harbor was 
in 1807, when it was proposed to open a line of communication for 
trading purposes between Lake Erie and the Ohio river, by cleaning 
out the channels of the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas rivers for the 
passage of boats and batteaux; the connection between the two 
rivers being made by a wagon road, seven miles long, from Old 
Portage to New Portage. As it was supposed twelve thousand dol- 
lars would suffice for the purpose, the legislature authorized a lottery 
by which the funds were to be raised. Twelve thousand eight hundred 
tickets at five dollars each were to be sold, with prizes aggregating 
sixty-four thousand dollars, from which a deduction of twelve and a 
half per cent, was to be made. The drawing never came off, and 
some years afterward the money paid for the tickets was refunded, 
without interest. In 1S16 an attempt was made to improve the 
entrance to the harbor by means of a pier into the lake, a company 
being organized for the purpose, a charter obtained, and something 
done toward building the pier, but the storms soon washed it away. 
Ten years later the work of improving the harbor by the national 
government was begun, the first appropriation being five thousand 
dollars. A new channel was cut to the eastward of the natural 
channel, piers commenced, and the obstructions in the river 
removed. The additional tracings on the map of 1814 show these 
improvements. 

In 1815 Cleveland assumed importance as a village, the legislature 
of the preceding winter having granted it a charter. The first presi- 
dent, elected in the spring of that year, was Alfred Kelley. The 
total vote cast at this election was twelve. The year following, the 



/ 6 J - 6 le refund ^xj/fmfl a fed. 

first bank in the village was opened, under the name of "The Com- 
mercial Bank of Lake Erie," with Leonard Case as president. The 
year succeeding, 1817, was memorable for the organization of the 
first religious body in the settlement. According to record and 
tradition, the early inhabitants of Cleveland did little credit to the 
religious training received in their Connecticut homes. In less than 
five years after the first cabin was erected in the place a whisky 
distillery was built, and the "first families" became its regular and 
profitable customers, but it was not until many years after that the 
people turned their attention to the erection of a place of worship. 
In the meantime religion had become a theme for coarse jesting. 
At one time a party of scoffing infidels bore in mocking procession 
through the streets an effigy intended to represent the Savior. Bur- 
lesque commemorations of the Lord's Supper were also given, and 
other leading incidents of the Savior's life coarsely parodied. The 
religious element gradually found place, and in 1817 an organization 
of the Episcopal church was effected, with the Rev. Roger Searles as 
pastor. Meetings were held wherever a room could be procured, 
until, in 1828, the corporation of Trinity Church was formed, and 
a frame building was erected on the corner of St. Clair and Seneca 
streets, which for the next quarter of a century became well known 
as "Old Trinity." 

Just at this point it may be well to mention the dates at which 
the other religious organizations, or at least the most important of 
them, became established in the village. Presbyterian ism followed 
Episcopalianism. The first attempt to form a Presbyterian church 
was in 1820, when a few persons engaged the Rev. Randolph Stone, 
pastor of a church at Morgan, Ashtabula county, to devote a third 
of his time to Cleveland. The first Sunday-school was established 
in June of that year, with Elisha Taylor as the first superintendent. 
The most persistent efforts were required to combat the prejudices 
and overcome the indifference of the people. In September, 1820, 
the First Presbyterian church was formally organized, with fourteen 
members, in the old log Court-house. The society was regularly 
incorporated in 1827, and in 1834 the old stone church on the Public 



zjokvrfand i<3l Initialed. 



17 



Square was opened. During this time the congregation was depend- 
ent on occasional visits of ministers from other places, having no 
settled pastor. Methodist organization dates from somewhere 
between 1824 and 1827. The historian of the Erie Conference 
relates that a Methodist friend in New England, who owned land 
in Cleveland, sent on a deed for the lot on the north-east corner of 
Ontario and Rockwell streets, where Mr. Crittenden afterward built 




OLD TRINITY. 

a large stone house, which lot would have been most suitable for a 
church, but as no person could be found willing to pay the trifling 
expense of recording, or to take charge of the deed, it was returned 
to the donor. In 1830 Cleveland became a station, with Rev. Mr. 
Plimpton, pastor. The Baptists came next. Their first meeting was 
held in the old academy, in 1832, the Rev. Richmond Taggart 
preaching to a few believers. The First Baptist society was formally 
organized in 1833 with twenty-seven members. In 1836 their first 



j 8 iimkvelaiiu \<3Uuii<.aied 

church, on the corner 'of Seneca and Champlain streets, was dedi- 
cated with a sermon by the Rev. Klisha Tucker, of Buffalo, who was 
afterward called to the pastorate. . The first Roman Catholic church 
was built about 1835, on Columbus street on the flats, and was 
intended to supply the religious needs of the Roman Catholics of 
Cleveland and Ohio City, being situated almost midway between the 
settled portions of the two places. The first pastor was Rev. Mr. 
Dillon. The first Bethel church, for the use of sailors, was built in 
1835, between Superior and South Water streets, on the side-hill. 
It was a plain wooden structure, which remained there until the 
erection of the brick church on Water street, when the wooden 
building was removed to make way for the Cleveland, Columbus & 
Cincinnati railroad. The first Hebrew synagogue was organized in 
1839, and a brick church was afterward built on Eagle street. 

The first newspaper issued in Cleveland was in the year 1818. 
The 31st of July in that year the Cleveland Gazette and Commercial 
Register appeared, with the intention of being continued weekly. 
Circumstances interfered with this purpose, and it was for some time 
issued intermittently. In the following year it found a rival in the 
Herald, which ultimately remained in undisputed possession of the 
field. 

On the 1 st of September, 181 8, there was considerable excite- 
ment in Cleveland over the arrival in port of the first steamer ever 
seen on Lake Erie — the Walk-in-the- water. She was bound from 
Buffalo to Detroit, and her arrival and departure were greeted by 
several rounds of artillery. 

Connection with the outside world by means of stage-coaches 
was commenced in 1820. In that year a coach began running 
between Cleveland and Columbus, and a few months later one was 
put on the line to Norwalk. A year after, coaches were started for 
Pittsburgh and Buffalo. The Ohio canal was opened between Cleve- 
land and Akron in 1827, and among the earliest shipments to Cleveland 
by canal was that of the first load of coal. The story of that load 
of coal has frequently been told, but the coal trade of Cleveland is 



Cici'cfaiui c &$Uui>Uakd. l Q 

now of such magnitude and importance that the incident of its 
origin should be kept in mind. Henry Newberry, father of Professor 
Newberry, owned some valuable coal lands, and fancied he saw an 
opening for an important trade in coal. He sent a shipment of a 
few tons to Cleveland by way of experiment. A portion of it was 
loaded in a wagon and hawked around the city, attention being 
called to its excellent cpiality and great value as fuel. But the peo- 
ple would none of it. They unanimously objected that it was dirty, 
nasty, inconvenient to handle, made an offensive smoke, and not 
a few shook their heads incredulously at the idea of making the 
"stone" burn at all. Whilst wood was plentiful and cheap they did 
not see the use of going long distances to procure a doubtful article 
of fuel, neither as clean, convenient, nor cheap as hickory or maple. 
All day the wagon traversed the streets and found not a single pur- 
chaser for its contents. A few citizens accepted a little as a gift, 
with a doubtful promise to test its combustible qualities. Philo 
Scovill was finally persuaded into the purchase of a moderate quan- 
tity at two dollars per ton, and promised to put in grates at the 
Franklin House to properly test its qualities. 

The old log Court-house on the north side of the Public Square 
had become inadequate to the requirements of the village, and in 
1828 a new one was erected on the south-western part of the Square. 
An excellent representation of it is given on the next page. Four 
years later a new jail was built on Champlain street, directly in line 
with the Court-house as shown in the picture. 

Cleveland had now become a place of considerable importance, 
and was rapidly increasing in population and trade. In 1835 it had 
reached a population of 5080, being more than doubled in two years. 
In that year the rush of emigrants from the Eastern States to the 
West was immense. The steamers then plying on the lake were 
taxed to their utmost capacity to take the crowd eager to go. 
Cleveland reaped a rich harvest in men and money by this activity. 

Cleveland received its charter as a city in 1836. About this time 
began the fierce rivalry between the settlements on opposite sides 
of the Cuyahoga that has left its traces to the present day. In 1819 



20 



tie refund 



'//ifu/fecf. 



Josiah Barher built his log-cabin on the west side of the river, and 
thus became the first permanent settler on that side. He was soon 
joined by Richard Lord. In 1831 the Buffalo Company purchased 
a farm on the west side, covering the low land toward the mouth of 
the river and the bluffs overlooking it. The low ground they studded 
with warehouses, and the bluffs with stores and residences. Fine 
hotels were erected and preparations made for building a city that 

-_-- should eclipse 
the rival set- 
tlement east of 
the river. A 
short ship ca- 
nal was made 
from the Cuya- 
hoga to the old 
river bed, at 
the east end, 
and the water 
being high a 
steamer passed 
into the lake, 
tlfrough a nat- 
ural channel at 
the west end. 
When the steps 
were taken to 

get a city charter for Cleveland, negotiations were entered into 
between the leading men on both sides of the river with the purpose 
of either consolidating the two villages into one city, or coming to 
some agreement. The negotiations were broken off, as the parties 
could agree neither on terms of consolidation nor on boundaries. 
Each side started its deputation to Columbus to procure a city 
charter. To the mortification of many of the east side, the people 
across the river had received their charter for the organization of 
Ohio City before that for the city of Cleveland came to hand, and 




COURT-HOUSE — I 828. 



Cleveland Q Mltnitiafed. 21 

Ohio City, therefore, took precedence in point of age. This embit- 
tered the jealous rivalry between the two cities, and produced a state 
of feeling which led to the " Battle of the Bridge," in 1837. 

In 1835 Mr. James S. Clark built, at his own expense, the old 
Columbus Street bridge, connecting Cleveland with Brooklyn. This 
bridge, when finished, he devoted to the public use. In 1837, after 
the two cities had received their charters, both sides claimed juris- 
diction. From formal claims and council resolutions the contestants 
proceeded to stronger measures. Each city sent armed men to take 
possession of the structure. A field piece was posted on the low 
ground on the east side, to rake the bridge. Weapons and missiles 
of all kinds were freely used on both sides. Several persons were 
wounded, three of them seriously. The draw was cut away, the 
middle pier and the western abutment partially blown down, and 
the field piece spiked by the west siders. The sheriff of the county 
and -the city marshal of Cleveland at last appeared on the scene, 
gained possession of the dilapidated bridge, which had been given to 
the city of Cleveland, and lodged some of the rioters in the county 
jail. The field of battle was transferred from the river to the courts. 

About this time the school system of the city was regularly 
organized. We have already noticed the first efforts in the work of 
education, begun as soon as there were any children to be taught. 
The subsequent history of the Cleveland schools has been laboriously 
traced and comprehensively narrated in a special report prepared, 
under direction of the Board of Education, by Andrew Freese, for 
many years prominently connected with the school system of the 
city. The report says the earliest school mentioned in any record 
was in 1814, but it was not until in 1836 that any system of public 
instruction was adopted under the city's authority. Previous to that 
time the schools were supported by private enterprise. In the year 
181 7, however, there was an enactment by the village trustees 
ordering that certain sums of money subscribed for the building 
of a school-house be refunded to the subscribers, and that the 
corporations become sole proprietors of said school-house. The 
school-house referred to stood on St. Clair street just east of the 



22 



m 



^ lev a iand \Ullutfi a fed 



present site of the Kennard House. 




The illustration gives a good 
idea of its appear- 
ance. This house 
was the first ever 
owned by Cleve- 

and as a cor- 
poration, but the 
schools kept there 
were not free ex- 
j cept to a few who 
were too poor to 

>ay tuition. The 
house was rented 
^*0&W?\F' 1)V pnvate teach- 
ers, who were left 
tomanaee it about 






FIRST SCHOOL- HOUSE. 

as they pleased. At this time Cleveland had a population of about 
two hundred and fifty, but thence forward it began to increase more 
rapidly, and a demand was made for more advanced schools. The 
result was that another was built on the same street almost opposite 
the old one. For many years it bore the title of Cleveland Academy. 
In late years, however, it had grown shabby looking and was dubbed 
"The Old Academy." It was completed in 1821, and when it is 
recollected that Cleveland at that time had less than four hundred 
inhabitants, and none of them wealthy, it must be conceded that 
those early settlers placed no mean value on education. 

This high school or academy was kept running for a period of 
twelve or fifteen years, though there were several primary schools in 
other parts of the city, maintained by private parties who had small 
children to educate, nothing having yet been done to make education 
free. In 1830 it appears that the corporations made a move to buy 
another school-house, the old one having gone to pieces, but for some 
reason a contract to purchase the Old Academy was not ratified by 
the township trustees. 

Cleveland became a city in 1836. On the 22d of June, that year, 



'Cleveland ^MfkiMlahd. 



23 



an ordinance was presented providing for the levy and collection of 
school tax. In 
October the 
first board of 
school man- 
agers was ap- 
pointed, as 
follows : John 
W.Willey, An- 
son Hay don 
and Daniel 
Worley. The 
schools were 
thuscontinued 
for about one 
year, when a 
more liberal 
outlay for =Hj 
schools and 
school-house 
was asked for. 
A s y e t the 
city owned no 

school property, the schools of the previous year having an exist- 
ence by authority only. In July, 1837, the council passed a school 
ordinance. Under this ordinance the board of managers proceeded 
to organize schools and set them in operation. 

In 1839 the city purchased the Old Academy, paying for it, 
together with the lot, six thousand dollars. The friends of free 
schools urged the necessity of erecting school-houses, and petitioned 
the authorities, and made appeals through the newspapers, but it was 
not until the spring of that year that anything effectively was accom- 
plished. Lots were then purchased, one on Prospect and one on 
Brownell street, and buildings were erected soon after. An illustra- 
tion of the Prospect Street school-house is given on next page. 




THE OLD ACADEMY. 



24 



y(ci'c/a/id C/f/rt) ti atnl. 



These two, with the old one on St. Clair street, had a capacity of 
six hundred, while the number entitled by law to attend was twenty- 
four hundred. Before the opening of the winter term more than a 
thousand pupils besieged the school-rooms for admission, and about 
nine hundred were accommodated. 

In the spring of i S46 Mayor Hoadley, in his inaugural address, 
recommended the establishment of a school of a higher grade — an 
academic department — the scholars to be taken from the common 




PROSPECT STREET SCHOOL-HOUSE. 



schools according to merit. The recommendation was favorably 
received by the council, and at a meeting in April a resolution was 
adopted authorizing the establishment of a high school for boys. 
A set of rooms in the old church on Prospect street, now the 
Homeopathic Medical College, was secured, and Andrew Freese 
was appointed principal. The school opened in July with thirty- 
four scholars. Others were added, so that the number increased to 
eighty-three during the year. 



i& kveland "xjlliitftated. 



--. ^i — 25 

Soon after this time it was thought by some that the high school 
had been established illegally, and besides they doubted the expe- 
diency of the project. The "high school question " became a subject 
of lively debate, the heavy tax-payers being the ones who chiefly 
opposed it — on the ground of expense, of course. The city council, 
then newly elected, appointed a committee to examine the subject. 
A majority of the committee — two out of three — reported that the 
school had been established in violation of law, and concluded that 
it was inexpedient to support a high school out of the common school 
fund. The third member brought in a minority report adverse to 
this. The action of the council was watched with intense interest. 
The friends of the high school held a mass meeting, which was 
addressed by Dr. Fry, then principal of the St. Clair Street Grammar 
School, urging the great necessity of keeping up the school, and 
insisting that the laws should be corrected, if wrong. Others made 
speeches on this occasion, and it resulted in quite a sensation on the 
subject. 

The board of school managers, in their annual report, argued the 
expediency of this enlargement of the school system. The result 
was that no action was taken by the council on the report of the 
committee, and the school was suffered to exist until the following 
winter, when its friends secured a legislative enactment authorizing 
and requiring the council to maintain a high school department. By 
ordinance it was then made a permanent branch of public school 
instruction. The battle was won, but by reason of unfriendly feeling 
toward the school, the appropriations by the council were inadequate 
for its support — barely sufficient to keep it in existence. For two or 
three years the expenses were less than one thousand dollars per 
annum, while the attendance averaged about eighty. Though the 
cost was so very low, fault was found with it, and it was pointed out 
as a piece of unnecessary extravagance. Up to the fall of 1852 the 
work was all done by two teachers, and then one additional was 
employed. 

The course of study embraced all the branches usually taught in 
high schools, except the languages, which were not added until i860. 



26 



\ lev eland g q {JJ/hi ti it ted. 



With so small a teaching force a classification of studies was almost 
impossible, and, as a partial remedy for omissions, classes were heard 
out of school hours, sometimes in the evening. The efforts put forth 
by teachers and scholars were courageous. The pupils themselves 
purchased apparatus for natural science to the amount of five 

m 







FIRST HIGH SCHOOL. 

hundred dollars, earning the money themselves. They purchased 
the material and laid up with their own hands a small brick labora- 
tory. Scarcely a principle in mechanical philosophy that they did 
not illustrate by machinery constructed with their own hands. For 
two or three years they published a small monthly paper. In this 
way the department developed, and opposition gradually died out. 
Leonard Case took a warm interest in the school ami made a 
handsome donation to it. 

The lot on which the present Central High School is located was 
purchased in 1856, and in the following year a cheap wooden build- 
ing was erected for temporary purposes, the expectation being that 
a permanent building would be erected at an early day. The first 
high school building is shown on this page. In the spring of 1856 
the present building was erected. The total cost of this building, 
with furniture, was twenty thousand dollars. 



i&fceeland c :.QjJ(fuifUtted. 



27 



The completion of the Ohio Canal to the river from the lake, 
gave a strong impetus to the growth and prosperity of the city. A 
large addition to its population was the immediate result. In 1851, 
the first rail- 
way to Cleve- 
land was for- 
mally opened 
— the Cleve- 
land, Colum- 
bus tS: Cin- 
cinnati — fol- 
lowed in rap- 
id succession 
by the Lake 
Shore and n 

Cleveland & w 

< 

Pittsburgh, w 

and a little 2 
later by the I 
lines to Tole- oc 
do and down "r 1 
the Mahon- 
ing valley. — 
These open- 
ed up new 
territory to 
the trade of 
the city, stim- 
ulated manu- 
factures, and 
laid the fou n- 
dationsofthe 

great prosperity which it now enjoys. The sketch of Cleveland in 
1857, which is given on this page, shows a portion of the river and 
flat above the C, C, C. & I. Railway crossing, before that part of 
the city was covered with manufacturing and railroad property. 




28 



I k refund 



i 



' ti* flu fed. 



The population of Cleveland, as shown by the most trustworthy 
figures accessible, has been, at different times, as follows: 

1796 — Recorded 4 1850 — U. S. Census 

1810 — Estimated 57 1851 — City Census 

1820 — Estimated 150 1852 — City Census 

1825 — Estimated 500 



186c — U. S. Census 
1866 — City Census. 
1870 — U. S. Census. 
1876 — Estimated . . . 



1830 — U. S. Census .... 1,075 
1832 — Estimated.... i,;oo 

1833 — Estimated 1,900 

1846 — City Census 'o.^ 

The following is a list of the mayors of Cleveland 
organization as a village, and of the mayors of Ohio City 
union with Cleveland in 1854: 



17,034 

. 2 1 , 1 40 

25,670 

43»838 
. 67,500 

92,829 
. 1 50,000 

since its 
until its 



1815 Alfred Kelley. 

1816-19 Daniel Kelley. 

1820 Horace Perry. 

1821 . . Reuben Wood. 

l 822-24 • • • Leonard Case. 



CLEVELAND VILLAGE. 

1825-2 7 . , . . . E. Waterman. 

1828 Girson Cathan. 

1829 David Long. 

1830-31 Richard Hilliard. 

1832-35 John W. Allen. 



CLEVELAND ( II Y 



1836-37 
1838-39 
184O . . . 
1841 
1842 . . . 

1843 
1844-45 



1836 ... 

1837 

1838-39 

184O-4I 

1842 

1843 ... 



John W. Willey. 

. . . Joshua Mills. 

Nicholas Docksiader. 

. . . . John W. Allen. 

Joshua Mil's. 

.Nelson Hayward. 

Samuel Starkweather. 



1846 

1847 ■■ 

1 848 . . 
.849 
1850-5 1 



18*2- 



S + 



. . . George Hoadley. 
. . . Josiah A. Harris. 
.Lorenzo A. Kelsey. 
Flavel W. Bingham. 
.... William Case. 
. Abner C. Brownell. 



Josiah Barber. 

. . Francis A. Burrows. 

. Norman C. Baldwin. 

Needham M. Standart. 

. . Francis A. Burrows. 

Richard Lord. 



oHK) CITY. 

1844-46 D. H. Lamb. 

1847 David Griffith. 

1848 John Beverlin. 

l 849 Thomas Burnham. 

1850—52. . . . Benjamin Sheldon. 



CI.EYEI.ANI>- 

1855-56 ... William B. Castle. 
1857—58 . . Samuel Starkweather. 
1859-60. . . . George B. Senter. 

1861-62 Edward S. Flint. 

1863-64 Irvine U. Masters. 



UNITED CITY. 

1865-66. . . . Herman M. Chapin. 

1867-70 Stephen Buhrer. 

1871-72 .Fred. W. Pelton. 

1873-74 Charles A. Otis. 

1875-76 Nathan P. Payne. 



M 



W/e vdaud : ,<L7//t(-J fluted. 



29 



APPROACHES TO CLEVELAND BY RAIL. 




>EW cities in the country have better facilities for communica- 
tion by rail with all parts of the United States. Four railroads 
have Cleveland as a terminal point — -the Cleveland, Colum- 
bus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis, the Cleveland & Pittsburgh, 
the Atlantic & Great Western, and the Lake Shore, Tusca- 
rawas Valley & Wheeling. The Lake Shore & Michigan 
Southern, which extends from Buffalo to Chicago, passes through 




union passenger depot. 

Cleveland, which is one of the principal points on this leading 
thoroughfare between the East and the West. In addition to these 
the Valley Railway, running from Cleveland through Akron and 
Canton and southward, traversing the vast coal fields of that region, 
is nearly completed, and will doubtless be in operation within a 
year. These six lines of railroad radiate in all directions, affording 
the greatest possible advantages for travel and the rapid movement 
of freight. 



SO fpkvtiand '.cJ/fu-jftafed. 

The Union Passenger Depot, situated on the lake shore, at the foot 
of Bank and Water streets, is one of the most substantia], commo- 
dious and well arranged buildings of its kind in the country. It is 
convenient of access, being but ten minutes walk from the Tost 
Office, and five to eight minutes from the principal hotels, with 
which it is connected by lines of street railroad. The edifice was 
erected in 1865, and is built entirely of stone and iron. Its length 
is six hundred and three feet, and width one hundred and eighty 
feet, and it contains four thousand two hundred and fifty feet of 
track. Is complete in all its appointments, having large and well 
furnished ticket, express and telegraph offices, baggage rooms, dining 
hall, coffee and luncheon room, news depot, and numerous offices 
for the use of the officers of the road in all the various departments. 
The Railroad Branch of the Young Men's Christian Association has 
a very pleasant and attractive reading room, where persons waiting 
for trains may find a well chosen assortment of the current literature 
of the day. The general railroad offices are up in the city, and will 
be spoken of hereafter. 

Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway. 

Approaching the city from the south, by way of the Cleveland, 
Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway line, the traveler 
comes to — 

Wellington — 36 Miles from Cleveland. — Population 1.300. 
A smart village ; the great shipping station on this line for cheese. 

LaGrange — 29 Miles. — Population 150. 

Grafton — 25 Miles. — Crossing of the Cleveland, Tuscarawas 
Valley & Wheeling Railway for Black River, Medina, Massillon 
and Uhrichsville. 

North Eaton — 21 Miles.— A small, neat station in a thriving 
country community. 

Columbia — 19 Miles. — Small station. 

Olmsted — 15 Miles. — Population 400. 

Berea — 12 Miles. — Population 3,000; situated on Rocky river, 
at the junction of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapo- 
lis and the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railways. There are 



sixteen stone quarries in operation at this point, from which large 
amounts of stone for building and other purposes are shipped to all 
parts of the country, employing numerous workmen. The manufac- 
ture of grindstones is an important business here, the stones being 
shipped to all parts of the world. Here is located Baldwin Univer- 
sity, a very popular and successful institution of learning. A fine 
new stone depot has just been completed, and at the same time was 
opened a street railroad connecting it with the village. 

Linndale — 5 Miles. — This is a beautiful suburban village, 
containing many fine residences, mills, etc., ten minute's ride from 
the city. Soon after leaving this point the train passes the num- 
erous and extensive oil refineries, one of the large branches of the 
mercantile and industrial interests of Cleveland. 

Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway. 

Approaching the city from the west, by the Lake Shore & Michi- 
gan Southern Railway, the traveler passes through the following 
towns : 

Elvria — 26 Miles. — Population 4,500; county seat of Lorain 
county, O.; at the confluence of the two branches of Black river. 
At this point are two waterfalls giving excellent water power, and 
several manufactories. The town is noted for its beautiful scenery 
and fine situation; many business men of Cleveland reside here. It 
is the junction of the Northern (or Sandusky) Division of the Lake 
Shore & Michigan Southern Railway with the Southern Division ; 
also connects with Lake Shore, Tuscarawas Valley and Wheeling 
Railway. 

Shawville. — Population of township 2,000. Has one chair and 
bedstead manufactory, one saw mill and a number of stone quarries 
in its vicinity. 

Olmsted Falls. — 16 Miles. — Population 500. Has one flouring 
mill, two saw mills, three planing mills, one agricultural implement 
manufactory, one wagon shop, one box and measure factory, etc. 
The extensive building and grindstone quarries located here give 
employment to a large number of men. 



^~>v 



32 £ tevthnd ' ; .z3llm t: afed. 

From this point the line passes through Berea and Linn dale, on 
the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway. 

Approaching the city from the east, by the same line of railway, 
the traveler passes through the following towns and villages: 

Painesville — 28 Miles. — Population 6,000. A thriving town, 
noted for its attractive position and appearance, and the intelligence 
and enterprise of its population. It has two weekly newspapers. 
Among the other manufacturing establishments it has one manufac- 
tory of carriages, one of boots and shoes, two foundries and one 
flouring mill, etc. 

Mentor — 23 Miles. — Population 450. One manufactory of 
agricultural implements, one of cheese and three of carriages. Is 
the nearest point to " Little Mountain," a summer resort five miles 
south-east. 

WlLLOUGHBY — 19 Miles. — Population 2,000. Has one manu- 
factory of agricultural implements, one of tile and brick and two 
carriage shops. Has also an excellent seminary of learning. 

WlCKLIFFE — 14 Miles. — Population 375. A very pleasant, moral 
village. 

EUCLID — 10 Miles. — Population 300. Principal business manu- 
facture of blue stone flagging. 

Coli.amf.r — 7 Miles. — A thriving, stirring village, containing the 
extensive repair shops and round-houses of the bake Shore & Michi- 
gan Southern Railway. 

Coir's — 6 Miles. — -A popular summer resort, its rare natural 
attractions of scenery, etc., having been greatly enhanced by a 
lavish expenditure of money for improvements and ornamentation. 
There is an elegant hotel on the bank of the lake, while the sur- 
roundings of pleasant walks and drives, and facilities for rowing, 
fishing and boating, render it exceedingly attractive. 

Glenville — 5 Miles. Population 700. Here are the extensive 
and well appointed grounds and race-track of the Northern Ohio 
Fair Association. The July races are always very largely attended, 
their unexceptionable management by prominent Cleveland gentle- 
men attracting the best horses on the American turf. The annual 



%cvriaiict 'ioihisiiafed 



fairs take piace in September. A, Glenville and in the vicinity are 

the city. A short distance west is Gordon's Park, one of the most 
delightful spots ,n the whole vicinage of Cleveland 

At W.IIson avenue the traveler enters the city proper Upon 
he n gl t he has fine vie „, of Lakfi Er . e> Md y 1 ; Upon 

m rap,d si.ccess.on, the Cleveland & P ittsburgh Railroad ' r enair 
shops, together with numerous wire and steel works. Then com 

P tal now leased over to the City of Cleveland for hospital purposes 
Its spaces grounds are included in the new Lake Shore Pa ka„ 
improvement rapid,, approaching completion, and form.ng o„ ' f 
the most lovely breathing places " in the country. 

Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad. 

tra*r;oteir he dty fr ° m ^ MSt ' b >' "> ° f «"*■* ^e 

Ravenna-38 Miles-Population 3 , 5 °o; county seat of Por.aae 

county. Here are located a ,ar g e glass manufactory and one of he 

most extens,ve carriage manufactories in the country It Ua ill 

lished at this point. Sta "° n be ' WCen "* l "'° ™ ads is «*• 

resort A ed L « V o' L b:7 2 ^^ Sma " "*" '" ^ ™ init ^ « e ™* 

eso ted to by pleasure part.es from Cleveland. A hack runs from 

the trains to Kent, four miles distant. 

Hudson-^ Miles—Population a.ooo. A very attractive ,„ 
■he sea, of Western Reserve College, which has a J.d "p a « Ln ^ 
an mst.tut.on of learning. The cheese shipments a, this stataare 

brLnifoff "t the ? eve,and> Mt - vernon & c °'«mbu! 1;;:; 

orancnes on to the southwest. 

Macedonia — iq Miles A email ,-;n 

u- x ■ a11 Vllla ge, in the neighborhood of 

which is an extensive stone quarry. 



34 Cfcvc/afid r sJ?Uutflated 



~. 



Bedford — 14 Miles. — Population 2,000. A pretty town, with a 
fine public school building and town hall, a large chair factory, and 
other works. The road crosses a deep, rocky gorge near the town, 
which, with the neighboring woods, attracts many pleasure parties 
from the city. 

Newburgh — Seven miles from the terminal station, now forms 
part of the city, having been recently annexed and made the 
eighteenth ward. The line from this point passes a succession of 
iron mills, foundries, and other manufactories. 

Euclid Avenue Station. — At the crossing of the famous chief 
avenue of the city is a handsome and commodious station, at which 
a large amount of passenger business is done. There is also a local 
freight station at this point. 

Atlantic & Great Western Railroad. 

[depot on scranton avenue.] 

Approaching Cleveland from the east, by the Atlantic & Great 
Western Railroad, the traveler comes to 

Garrettsville — 36 Miles. — Population 1,200. A shipping point 
for dairy products. 

Mantua Station — 30 Miles. — Population 200. Pleasantly sit- 
uated on the Cuyahoga river and in the heart of a rich dairy country. 
The farm-houses in the neighborhood are much resorted to by city 
families for summer board. 

Aurora — 24 Miles. — Population 600. Here, also, the shipments 
of dairy products are large. 

Solon — 15 Miles. — Population 900. — A rich dairy country lies 
back of the station and village. 

Randall — 11 Miles. — A small wayside station. 

Newburgh. — This station is within the limits of the eighteenth 
ward of the city. A short distance from the station the line crosses 
the track of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad. 

At Cleveland, the line makes direct connection at its depot with 
the C, C, C. & I. and Lake Shore lines, for the south and west. 



Cleveland, Tuscarawas Valley & Wheeling Railway. 
This line enters CleYeland from the south over the track of the 
<-., <-., C. & 1. Railway from Grafton. 

Medina-38 miles from Cleveland. -Population r, 2 oo. County 
seat of Medina county. 

Valley Railway. 
This road is now in course of construction, and will probably be 
opened in a short time; it will come from the south through Akron 
entering CleYeland by the valley of the Cuyahoga. 

Steamboat Lines. 
Steamboat lines, during the season of navigation, connect Cleve- 
land with every point on the whole chain of lakes. Regular lines 
run to Cleveland from Buffalo and intermediate ports, and from ports 
on Lake Ontario and on the St. Lawrence river. Also, on the west 
from Toledo, from Detroit, from Chicago and intermediate ports, 
and from all parts of Lake Superior. A line of steamers crosses the 
lake from Port Stanley, and competing lines run between Cleveland 
and the Islands. During the summer months these lines are crowded 
with passengers to and from the city. 




36 



hwtaitd :U(/tt*fcated. 



H O TELS 





©BIBB" 

iiisiiiaillllll 

" ' """"iiisiii 






*'t'ltV 






'HE Kennard House, at the corner of St. Clair and Bank 
>® streets, three squares from the Tost Office and one from the 
^o^ Union I )epot, has for many years enjoyed an extensive repu- 
tation as one of the best kept hotels in the West. For a considerable 
time it was known as the Angier House, but for several years has 
been known as the Kennard House, under which name it has achieved 

a reputation second 
to none. Most of the 
distinguished persons 
who have visited 
go Cleveland since the 
H erection of this hotel 
have been among its 
guests. Under the 
management of its 
present proprietor, I ). 
M< ( ' 1 ; i s k y , great im- 
provements have 
been made in its ar- 
rangements. Particular attention is paid to the table, the choicest 
delicacies of the season being always provided. The rooms are 
large and well furnished. Omnibuses and street cars connect the 
hotel directly with the Union Depot, and street car connections can 
be made with lines for all parts of the city. The leading business 
streets are in the immediate vicinity. The places of amusement are 
all within a short walk. The public buildings and the principal 
churches are at but a short distance. Fine billiard rooms, bath 
rooms, and other conveniences are on the premises, and livery stables 
in the immediate vicinity. For the accommodation of commercial 
travelers, commodious and convenient rooms for the display of 
samples have been provided. 




KENNARD HOUSE. 



^Mhveland ^mliu&UuUd. 



37 



The Weddell House, at the corner of Superior and Bank streets, 
is one of the prominent historical landmarks of the city. The 
nucleus of the present extensive building was erected nearly thirty 
years ago, and the house soon became known as one of the finest 
and best hotels in the whole western country — a reputation it has 
never lost. As the city grew and the business of the hotel increased, 
additions were from time to time made, until the establishment 
reached its present size and completeness. Recently it was thor- 
oughly remodeled and modernized, so that it now ranks, in all 
respects, with the best hotels of the land. The situation is peculiarly 




CORNER BANK AND SUPERIOR. 

suitable for such an establishment, fronting on two of the principal 
streets, and being in the very heart of the business part of the city, 
and within a few minutes' walk of the depots, steamboat landings, 
courts of law, public buildings, and places of amusement. Street 
cars run from its doors to all parts of the city, and a line of street 
railroad from the Union Depot terminates at its main entrance. The 
rooms are numerous, and there are a number of fine suites fronting 
on one or other of the two principal streets on which it is situated. 
There are several conveniently arranged sample rooms for the 
accommodation of commercial travelers. The price is $3 a day. 
The house has always enjoyed an enviable reputation with the 
traveling public, and under its present managers, Messrs. Geo. 
W. Wesley & Son, has been brought to its highest point. 



38 J .y lowland %gUu&UaUd. 

The Forest City House, corner Superior street and Monu- 
mental Park, Messrs. Terrill & Ingersoll, proprietors, enjoys the 
advantage of one of the most desirable locations for a hotel to be 
found in the city. The north front has an uninterrupted view of 
Superior street, whilst the east front, extending along the greater 
part of the south-west quarter of the Park, looks out directly upon 
the most beautiful portion of the Park and takes in its range of view 
the whole of the Park area and the public buildings clustered around 
it. In the immediate neighborhood are the law courts, the Post 




FOREST CITY HOUSE. 

Office, Custom House, Revenue Office, City Hall, and other muni- 
cipal department offices. The principal churches of different denom- 
inations are in the immediate vicinity and mostly in sight of its doors. 
Lake View Park is within easy reach. Street car lines pass the house 
or near it to all parts of the city. The house has for many years 
enjoyed an enviable reputation as a quiet and home-like hotel, where 
the best of accommodations can be had at moderate prices. Very 
recently large additions have been made to the building, three-fourths 
of which is new and fitted up in first class style. The rooms are 
large, lofty, and well arranged. The house has every convenience 
the traveler can desire. 



w 



sieve land 



^ 



'uiilaied. 



39 



The American House, A. Jones, proprietor, is situated on the 
south side of Superior street, between Bank and South Water streets, 
occupying the numbers from 128 to 138. This hotel is one of the 
old landmarks of the city, having for very many years held its 
position as one of the leading hotels of the lake region. Under its 
present ownership, extensive additions and improvements have been 
made. The whole building has been remodeled, refitted, and refur- 
nished. Two additions, forty feet square, have been erected. Modern 
improvements have been introduced in every part. Over thirty-five 
thousand dollars have been expended in repairs and furnishing. 
Bath rooms for 
ladies and gen- 
tlemen, hot and 



~PIC an 



cold water on< 

every floor ex- ^^^^^^^EEMTOI 

cept the upper, WtMI^ 

TmiiiiliBil 



Si IB 1 



fiffi 



«', ' 



m 






AMERICAN HOUSE. 



and every con- 
venience desir- 
able, are now 
to be found in 
the building. 
The furniture, 
carpets,and fit- 
tings are all of 

the very best, no money or labor being spared in the work of 
making the American at least equal to the best hotels in the city. 
The sleeping accommodations cannot be excelled in cleanliness and 
comfort. The table is abundantly supplied with the best and most 
wholesome food. In all respects the accommodations are good and 
home-like. Street car lines for all parts of the east and west sides 
start from the door. The public buildings and places of amusement 
and churches are within easy reach. Prices from $2.00 to $2.50 
per day. 



■U) 



W/cvvfand "MUui it a fed. 



The STRIEBINGER House, on Michigan street, is the newest 
hotel in the city, having been built within four years, and opened 
on the 15th of April, 1873. In its construction and fitting up the 
utmost care was taken to embody the latest and best improvements 
in hotel construction and arrangement. The rooms, ninety in num- 
ber, are large, lofty, and commodious. The sample rooms for the 

convenience of commercial trav- 
elers who wish to display their 
goods are arranged with a view 
to this special purpose, and 
cannot be anywhere excelled. 
Fine billiard rooms are con- 
nected with the hotel, and all 
other conveniences desirable in 
a first class hotel, are to be 
found in this. The table is 
noted for the substantial and 
choice character of the food 
served. The location is con- 
venient, being but a few min- 
utes' walk from all the principal 
points of interest, and having street cars for all parts of the city 
passing within easy reach. The hotel is about midway between the 
Union Depot and the Atlantic & Great Western Railway depot, 
street car lines for both passing near the building. Price, $2 per 
day. The proprietors, Messrs. Striebinger Brothers, built the hotel 
for their own management, and having had long experience in keep- 
ing a good, substantial hotel, they made the building exactly suitable 
for the purpose designed. The house has a large local patronage, in 
addition to its traveling custom, the convenient location, excellent 
table and courteous attention to the wishes of guests, bringing a great 
number of business men to its dining room. Connected with the 
hotel is an extensive and well-appointed stable, capable of accom- 
modating one hundred and forty horses. 




STRIEBINGER HOUSE. 



"$/tei i etanci i&lhiiUuUd. 
w W 1 



4/ 



St. Clair Place, on the corner of Ontario and St. Clair streets, 
has been enlarged, refitted, and under its present management, 
opened as a general hotel, as well as first class boarding establish- 
ment. The rooms are numerous and comfortably furnished, and 
the table well kept. The location is good, being midway between 
Monumental Park and Lake View Park, and but three minutes' 
walk from either. The public buildings, places of amusement, and 
principal churches are in the neighborhood. A line of street cars 
passes in front of the house, and all the other lines are within two or 
three minutes' walk. The Union Depot is convenient of access. 

The City Hotel, on Seneca street, corner of Rockwell street, 
has for many years enjoyed a reputation as a good plain hotel. The 
prices are moderate. 

The Cleveland Hotel, corner of Ontario and Prospect streets, 
is a family and boarding hotel. 

The New England Hotel is on Water street, near the Union 
Depot. 

The Birch House, on Water street, between St. Clair and 
Frankfort streets, is a comfortable family hotel which admits tran- 
sient guests. 

In addition to these are numerous smaller hotels, besides a great 
number of boarding and family hotels scattered over the city. 



42 






iieveland ^&Muit'caUxi. 



AMUSEMENTS. 



^ifHUCUD AVENUE OPERA HOUSE, on Euclid avenue and 

■jljl^, Sheriff street, opened in September, 1875, is one of the finest 

* and best appointed places of amusement in the United States. 

Indeed, it has been pronounced by leading artists familiar with the 

best theatres 
and opera 
I houses of the 
world as be- 
ll ing unexcell- 
• ed in beauty, 
; ^ comfort, and 
jj completeness 
j| of details. — 
"The main 
en t ranee is 
on Euclid ov- 
en ue through 
§j$J a vestibule 
40 feet wide, 
the floor of 
which is laid 
with tessella- 
ted and mo- 
saic marble. 
OntheSheriff 
street front, 
euci.id avenue opera house. which can be 

seen in the illustration, are the family circle and stage entrances, and 
the great doors of exit, by which the house can be emptied in a few 
minutes. The arrangement of the auditorium is admirable. The 




">7- 



W lei ' eland &lluMlafad. 43 



first floor is devoted to the orchestra and orchestra circle, all on an 
inclined plane that prevents the view being obstructed by persons 
sitting in front. The balcony is arranged in a similar manner, as is 
the family circle. There is no gallery. Wide lobbies are on each 
floor, separated from the seated part of the house by numerous 
swinging doors. Four elaborately decorated and furnished private 
boxes complete the seating arrangements. Everything in the house 
in the way of furniture, carpeting, etc., is of the most luxurious char- 
acter. The seating capacity is over sixteen hundred, and there is 
not a seat in the house from which at least three-quarters of the stage 
cannot be seen. The walls and woodwork of the auditorium are 
finished in light and dark cream, with decorations in gold. The 
frescoing of the dome and vestibule is of rare beauty. On the 
inside of the main dome are four groups of figures, representing 
Music, Comedy, Tragedy, and Poetry. Amid the rich ornamentation 
are portraits of Shakespeare, Byron, Rossini, Mozart, Goethe, Dante, 
Milton, Schiller, Bryant, Meyerbeer, Wagner, Bellini, and Beethoven. 
The vestibule is also elaborately frescoed, with scenes illustrative of 
the several Muses. Dependent from the ceiling is the grand pris- 
matic reflecting chandelier, the largest prismatic fixture in the United 
States. It is 29 feet long, has a spread of 14 feet, weighs two tons, 
and has 325 gas jets. All the lighting of the house is done by 
electricity. The stage is of unusual size, and is unsurpassed in 
completeness of arrangement. The proscenium opening is 34 feet 
by 37 feet, depth 54 feet, width 72 feet, and the height 61 feet in the 
clear. The machinery is perfect in all respects. The foot-lights 
are arranged so that they can be changed to produce plain white 
light, moonlight, twilight, or sunsets, by a simple manipulation of 
keys. A portion of the stage is so arranged with electrical apparatus 
that in storm scenes real lightning is produced from the clouds with 
startling effect. Dressing rooms, withdrawing rooms, cloak rooms, 
and every convenience for artists and audience are provided in 
abundance, nothing being omitted that experience could suggest. 
The building was opened by the lessee, Mr. John A. Ellsler, who 
is also a heavy stockholder in the company, and in the season of 



u 



/hvetana ^<0Mm ti a fee/. 



1875-6 the greatest dramatic artists appeared in a succession of 
brilliant dramas, presented with the most elaborate scenery and 
richest of dresses and decorations. 




~'"*>rn^ 



cask halt- 



Cask Hall, opened in September, 1867, is one of the finest halls 
in the West devoted to lectures and concerts. The building, the 
south front of which is shown in the illustration, stands on Superior 
street, east of Monumental Park, and between the Government 



3, 






45 



Building and the City Hall. It has a front of 78 feet, and extends 
200 feet northward to Rockwell street. The ground floor is occu- 
pied with stores and offices, the first floor above to commodious 
offices and the Cleveland Library Association rooms, the hall, 36 
feet high and 73 feet by 117 feet in surface, occupying the upper 
part of the building. The seating capacity is 1,328, although 1,500 
persons could be comfortably accommodated. Broad galleries run 
around three sides, the seating arrangements of the whole being of 
the most improved character. The lighting and ventilation of the 
hall are perfect ; the lighting is performed by electricity. The stage 
is 22^ feet by 44^2 feet; connected with it are two dressing rooms, 
each 15 feet by 22 feet. The most famous singers of the past eight 
or nine years have been heard in this hall. 

Academy of Music, Bank street, between Superior and St. Clair, 
is now occupied by traveling dramatic companies, minstrels, etc. 

Globe Theatre, formerly Brainard's Opera House, 205 Superior 
street, chiefly used for minstrel and concert troupes, and occasionally 
for dramatic performances. 

Theatre Comique, Frankfort street near Bank street, the oldest 
theatre in the city, is open all the year round as a variety theatre. 

In addition to these are a number of halls in different parts of 
the city used for public meetings, lectures, and occasionally concerts 
and other entertainments. 



46 '■Jcfei'vtatid ^d/Uutf'cated. 



CITY HALL. 




'HE new City Hall is on the north side of Superior street, 
corner of Wood street. An excellent engraving of it forms 
the frontispiece of this volume. Built by Leonard Case, it 
was completed in February, 1875, and in that month leased to the 
city for twenty-five years, at an annual rental of $36,000, the value 
of the property being estimated at $800,000. The edifice has a front 
of 217 feet on Superior street, and is five stories high besides a base- 
ment under the whole. The first floor is divided into eight fine 
stores. On each of the second, third, and fourth floors are sixteen 
complete suites of rooms, forty-eight suites in all, each suite consist- 
ing of two large rooms and three closets. The council chamber is 
on the highest floor, twenty feet in height, with a gallery for specta- 
tors. A steam elevator connects all the floors. In this building are 
gathered all the city offices except the Water Works office, which is 
in Cushing's Block, at the junction of Euclid avenue and Monu- 
mental Park. For the convenience of our readers we give the 
location of the several offices. On the ground floor fronting the 
entrance, is the reading room. On the first floor are the offices of 
Mayor, City Treasurer, City Solicitor and his assistants, Health Offi- 
cer, Secretary of Board of Health, Board of Improvements, Fire 
Commissioners, Board of Police, and Public Library. The second 
floor is occupied by the Park Commissioners, City Auditor, City 
Clerk, and Public Library. On the third floor are the City Civil 
Engineer and his assistants, the remainder of the upper part of the 
building being taken up with the council chamber. 



9:lcmland (S WUu4U'atQd. 47 



MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT 




'HE City of Cleveland, for municipal purposes, is divided 
j-6) into eighteen wards. The general government of the city is 
vested in the Mayor and a City Council composed of thirty- 
six members. The several departments are governed by a Board of 
Improvements, Board of Fire Commissioners, Board of Police Com- 
missioners, Board of Infirmary Directors, Board of Directors of 
House of Correction, Board of Park Commissioners, Board of Water 
Works Trustees, Board of Cemetery Trustees, and Police Court. 
These Boards derive their existence and powers from legislative acts, 
and to a certain extent they are independent of the control of the 
Council, being elected by the people. They are, however, subject 
to investigation by the Council, and the funds for their maintainance 
can "only be raised from taxation ordered by ordinance of Council 
as provided by legislation. The school affairs of the city are under 
the exclusive jurisdiction of a Board of Education composed of one 
member from each ward. The total taxable valuation for 1876 was 
$73,305,277. The estimate of taxes levied for city purposes in 1876 
was as follows : 



Sanitary Fund 

General Fund l 

Infirmary l 

Fire Department 2 

Gas Department l 

Bridge Department 

Park 

House of Correction 

Police Department 2 

Street Department l 

Street Intersection 

Dredging 

Total 12 1-20 883,328 58 



No. OF 


Amount Levied 


Mills. 


for each Fund. 


3-IO 


$ 21,991 58 


7-IO 


124,618 97 


1-20 


76,970 54 


5-2O 


164,936 87 


I3-2O 


120,953 71 


5-2O 


18,326 32 


4-20 


14,661 05 


3-IO 


21,991 58 


5-2O 


164,936 88 


5- 20 


91,631 60 


1 1-20 


40,317 90 


3-10 


21,991 58 



4 8 f i Iwdand jjttut h cited. 

Total — brought forward 12 i-2o 883,328 58 

Superior Court 4-20 14,661 05 

Interest 5 0-00 366,526 39 

Sinking Fund. ... 1 5-10 109,957 9 2 



Total 18 15-20 $1,374,473 94 

This is exclusive of special taxation and taxation for school purposes. 
On the first of January, 1S76, the total amount of bonded indebted- 
ness of the city for all purposes was $8,097,900. Of this amount, 
$2,937,900 was incurred for special improvements, to be paid for by 
particular sections of the city benefited by the improvements, leaving 
$5,160,000 to be met by the city at large. The maturity of these 
bonds is spread over a period of twenty years. The general bonds 
of the city were issued for the following purposes : 

Water Works .... $1,575,000 

Funded Debt 1,722,000 

Infirmary 10,000 

Lake View Park 31 5,000 

Canal 195,000 

Viaduct, Street, and Bridge .... 718,000 

School Bonds, East Cleveland 1,000 

School Bonds 424,000 

House of Correction 200,000 



$5,160,000 
The Water Works bonds are secured by a special sinking fund arising 
from the subscription of the city to certain railroad stocks a number 
of years since and placed by the legislature under the management 
of a special board of commissioners. At their last annual report, 
January 1st, 1876, the face value of the securities in which this fund 
is invested was stated at $1,863,736 41. Over one million of this 
amount is believed to be worth its face value. The remainder is at 
some discount. 



Jdkvciaiid G jJ}l Initialed. AQ 

The Fire Department of Cleveland is one of the most perfectly- 
organized and effective in the United States. The government is 
vested in a Board of Commissioners elected by the people. The 
executive is confided to a chief, John A. Bennett; first assistant, 
James Dickinson ; second assistant and superintendent of telegraphs, 
H. H. Rebbeck ; third assistant, Joseph Speddy. There are in the 
department 1 1 steamers with steam constantly on, 4 hook and ladder 
companies, 1 protection company, and 19 hose carts, reeling 15,000 
feet of hose. Besides the general officers already mentioned, there 
are 1 1 engineers of steamers, 1 1 stokers, 4 captains of hook and 
ladder companies, r captain of protection company, 5 tillermen, and 
91 firemen. Everything connected with the department is kept in 
the highest state of efficiency. The latest and most perfect improve- 
ments are adopted. A fire-alarm telegraph connects the 155 signal 
boxes with every engine house, so that an alarm turned in at either 
one of the boxes is conveyed at once to all engine houses. Not 
only is the signal struck in each house, but the same current of 
electricity opens the doors so that the horses are freed from their 
stalls, when they run to their places in readiness to be hitched to 
the apparatus. As the engine starts out the first revolution of the 
wheels strikes a friction match under the fire box and sets fire to 
the charge. From the moment the alarm is struck in the house until 
the apparatus is in the street occupies only twenty seconds. On 
returning from the fire a signal is sent over the wires announcing the 
return and that the apparatus is again ready for service. There is 
in the fire-alarm telegraph 151 miles of wire, a large proportion of 
which is used exclusively by the department, whilst a part is also 
used for police purposes. Sixty horses are employed in the service 
and are kept in admirable condition. The total receipts for the 
department in 1875 were $193,423.31; the total expenditures for the 
same year, $170,976.59 ; showing a credit balance of $22,446.71. 
The total number of alarms to which the department responded 
in the year was 284, the total amount of losses being $137,122 66. 
The insurance amounted to $545,800, or an excess of insurance of 
$408,677.34. In responding to these alarms the apparatus ran 
4 



50 



M 



C/crciif/fJ ' UMurt'uiUd 




"X/lcvcland 1C7/ 'Initiated. 5 / 

6,036^ miles and worked 533^ hours. A comparison of the returns 
for eleven years shows the losses to be less in 1875 than in either 
of the preceding years, although the number of fires was greater. 

The Police Department, under its present organization, is 
governed by a Board of Commissioners elected by the people. The 
force consists of a superintendent, 2 captains, 10 lieutenants, 1 cap- 
tain of detectives, 8 detectives, 7 sergeants, 1 superintendent's clerk, 
and 138 patrolmen. The city is divided into eight precincts. The 
station houses are located as follows : First Precinct, on Champlain 
street, west of Seneca street ; Second Precinct, corner of Nevada 
and Oregon streets; Third and Sixth Precincts, on Forest street, 
between Burvvell and Croton streets; Fourth Precinct, on Detroit 
street, near Pearl street; Fifth Precinct, on Barber avenue, south of 
Columbus street; Seventh Precinct, room on second floor of Hovey's 
block, Euclid avenue ; Eighth Precinct, on Wales street. The report 
for the year 1875 inventories the public property belonging to the 
Police Department at $172,553.19 The average yearly attendance 
of each man was 354 days; the average Toss, each man, 9 days. The 
total time lost by sickness was 1,201 days, and by other causes 309 
days. The detective service report shows the total number of arrests 
to be 340, of which number 87 were felonies, subjecting the criminal, 
on conviction, to imprisonment in the penitentiary. The amount of 
property recovered is valued at $22,135.91, or forty-four per cent, 
of all reported lost. The total number of arrests by the force was 
8,823; amount of property reported stolen, $50,109.77; amount of 
property recovered, $29,273.35 ; fines and costs collected, $20,317.40. 
Fourteen per cent, of all arrests were minors. Of the number 
arrested, 4,138 were native and 4,685 foreign born; of the latter, 
2,081 were natives of Ireland, 1,249 of Germany, 506 of England, 259 
of Canada, and 156 of Scotland. Number of emigrants passing 
through the city, 16,286. Of this number, 1,323 settled in Cleve- 
land. The total expenditures for the department in 1875 amounted 
to $168,350.68. Deducting the amounts paid by the Police Depart- 
ment to the City Treasury and Work House fund, the net expenses 
were $156,604.53. 



52 



A 



§ kr eland '-.xjltutftated. 



The Cleveland Water Works supply the city with water from 
Lake Erie. Work was commenced August 10, 1854, and on the 19th 
of September, 1856, had so far progressed that water was tempora- 
rily let on. The inlet pipe was run out into the lake, west of the 
old river-bed. It was of boiler plate, three-eighths of an inch thick 
and fifty inches in diameter, extending from the shore to the source 
of supply at 12 feet depth of water, and terminating in the lake 
at a circular tower, constructed of piles driven into the bottom of 
the lake. A brick aqueduct connected the shore end of the inlet 
pipe with the engine house, about half a mile distant. From the 




water works. 
engine house the water is conveyed 2,300 feet to the reservoir, on 
Franklin, Kentucky, and Duane streets, built on a ridge thirty feet 
higher than any other ground in the city. The water was first 
introduced into the city temporarily at the earnest solicitation of the 
Mayor, Common Council, and Trustees of Water Works, in which 
the citizens generally participated, on the occasion of the State Fair, 
on the 24th of September, 1856. Apart from the Fair, this event 
was hailed with demonstrations of great joy as the celebration of the 
introduction of the waters of Lake Erie into the city of Cleveland. 
At the intersection of the roadways crossing at the center of the 



imiwtland imlluiUuted. 53 

Public Square, a capacious fountain was erected, from which was 
thrown a jet of water high into the air, which, as the center of 
greatest attraction, gratified thousands of admiring spectators. It 
became necessary after the Fair to shut off the water, some pipes 
having broken. The repairs were promptly made, and the water let 
on the city again ; since which time the supply has been regular and 
uninterrupted. About twelve years after the opening of the Water 
Works, preliminary surveys were commenced for replacing the inlet 
pipe by a tunnel, of larger dimensions and taking the water from 
a greater distance out in the lake, beyond the reach of the river 
impurities and outside of the ordinary ice line. That work has now 
been completed. The lake tunnel is i% miles long, with a vertical 
diameter of 5 T % feet ; horizontal diameter, 5 feet ; depth of lake shaft 
below surface of water, qo t 2 j feet ; bottom of shore shaft, 6j^ feet 
below surface of water ; internal diameter of each shaft, 8 feet. The 
protection crib is built of 12-inch square white pine timber, 61 feet 
high, pentagonal in form, each outer side measuring 54 feet, each 
side of inner wall forming a well-hole measuring 19 feet. There is 
also a middle wall midway between the outer and inner walls. The 
distance from the outer to the inner walls is 24 feet. The whole is 
covered with two-inch oak plank, and at the water line is a course of 
boiler plate one-half inch thick and five feet deep, extending around 
the crib to protect the timber from the action of the ice. The space 
between the inner and outer walls is filled with stone, from the 
bottom of the lake to the top of the crib, and about 400 cords of 
stone are piled around the crib. The building on the crib is fitted 
up for the light-keeper, and the whole is surmounted by a lighthouse 
50 feet above the water, containing a Government light of the sixth 
order, visible from all points of the compass. The total cost of the 
entire work, including crib, tunnel and connections, was $320,351.72. 
The old shore tunnel is to be replaced by a new one, half a mile 
long, 6 feet high, and 5^2 feet wide. The contract price for the 
shore tunnel is $52,500. The height of the tower at the engine 
house, up which the water is forced by the pumps, is 170 feet above 
the surface of the water. The capacity of the reservoir is six million 



54 



C /i'tinf/ta c s3ttu51iaiai 



gallons. The total amount of pipe laid is ioo miles. The water is 
pumped by four engines, one built in Cleveland, one in Brooklyn, 
New Vork, and two in the city of New York. The pumping capacity 
is 28,000,000 gallons in twenty-four hours. The bonded debt incur- 
red for water works purposes is $1,675,000, and another $100,000 
has been authorized. The annual receipts for rents and permits in 
1875 aggregated $114,720.28. The expenditures for operating pur- 
poses and repairs were $69,396; for pipe extension and other 
permanent improvements, $109,446.38. Prof. Morley, in a commu- 
nication to the Superintendent of Water Works, called attention to 
the improvement in the quality of water supplied after the comple- 
tion of the tunnel. In November, 1873, before the opening of the 
tunnel, the amount of solid matter dissolved and suspended in the 
water, as determined in a sample of water drawn at the Cleveland 
Medical College, was 240 parts in a million. In November, 1874, 
after the opening of the tunnel, in a similar state of winds, weather 
and -other circumstances, the amount was but 131 parts in a million. 
That the water had been more clear and limpid is a matter of com- 
mon observation. In November, 1873, a test known to chemists as the 
permanganate test distinctly showed in five minutes the presence of 
organic impurity; but in November, 1874, after the supply began to 
be drawn at a greater distance from the mouth of the river, the same 
test, all the circumstances being the same as in the previous experi- 
ment, failed to show as distinctly, even in two hours, the presence of 
easily oxidizable organic matter. 

The Board of City Improvements has general charge of streets, 
sewers and bridges. The board is made up of the Mayor, who 
presides, the City Civil Engineer, Street Commissioner, Chairman of 
the Council Committee on Streets, and one citizen member. In the 
spring of 1876 the length of streets under its charge aggregated 
about 250 miles, of which about 50 miles were paved with stone, 
wood or concrete. There were about 70 miles of main and branch 
sewers, with 5,000 house connections. The river is spanned by 13 
bridges, in addition to which will be the viaduct now in % course of 
construction. The viaduct is one of three improvements authorized 



Wkveland 'Wlkiitiakd. 



DO 




56 C /cue f and Vo? /turf luted. 

by a special act of the legislature, the three being intimately con- 
nected. To facilitate communication between the two sides of the 
river and to remove the dangers caused by the railroad tracks crossing 
at a level all the streets connecting with the bridges, a scheme was 
sanctioned by which a high viaduct and bridge is to be carried over 
the river valley from bank to bank, the railroad tracks sunk beneath 
the level of the streets leading to the existing bridges, and, for the 
purpose of rendering the latter improvement possible, the Ohio canal 
connected with the river at a point considerably higher up stream. 
The legislature authorized the issue of bonds for these purposes to 
the amount of $1,100,000, and in 1876 authorized an additional issue 
of $1,600,000, conditional on a ratification by the people at a special 
election. The election was held and the issue of the supplementary 
bonds ratified. Of the total amount, $2,700,000, the sum of $250,000 
was appropriated to the removal of the canal weigh-lock and the 
making a new junction of the canal with the river; $250,000 for the 
city's half of the cost of lowering the tracks, the expense of which 
is to be borne jointly by the city and the railroad company ; and the 
remaining $2,200,000 is applicable to the construction of the viaduct 
and cost of right of way. The plans for the viaduct were adopted, 
and that part of it on the west side of the river, including the two 
river piers, was put under contract in 1874 and the work commenced 
in October of that year. The contractor is to complete the west side 
work and the two river piers by November 15, 1877. The approach 
to the viaduct starts on the west side from near the junction of Pearl 
and Detroit streets, and proceeds by a newly opened street and 
embankment a short distance, when the viaduct proper is com- 
menced, this being constructed of Berea sandstone. The river will 
be crossed by a draw-bridge, and the roadway then carried on iron- 
work and stone to the top of Superior street hill. When completed 
the improvement will be a street 3,200 feet long and mostly 64 feet 
wide, extending from the Atwater block on the east side to the junc- 
tion of Detroit and Pearl streets on the west side, crossing the valley 
of the Cuyahoga; the roadway will be 68 feet above the river. The 
viaduct proper, which is the great feature of the structure, consisting 



W ■ T& ' 

of eight arches 83 feet span, and one arch 97 feet span, 940 feet in 
length over all, 64 feet wide, and 72 feet in height above the pile 
foundation, would, if made into a single track railway viaduct, make 
a structure one mile in length and 67 feet in height. The draw- 
bridge will be 330 feet long, and the ironwork structure and retaining 
wall on the east side 755 feet. The width of roadway is 42 feet, 
flanked by two sidewalks each 1 1 feet wide. The draw-bridge will 
have a width of 36 feet. The cost of the structure, exclusive of 
right of way, is estimated at $1,470,000, and the total cost at 
$2,200,000. The new canal lock, connecting the canal and river, 
will have a lift of 14 feet. The chamber of the lock will be 100 
feet long in the clear between the gates, and 17 feet in width. 

The City Civil Engineer caused a series of observations to be kept 
«of the stage of water in the river, these showing there was a variation, 
during the navigable season of 1875, of two and one-tenth feet, and 
the greatest variation during the past five years to have been in the 
year -1873, and was three and three-tenths feet. The usual depth to 
which the channel of the river has been dredged for an average 
stage of water in the lake and river is 14 feet. 

The streets are lighted by gas and oil. On the west side the gas 
is supplied by the West Side Gas Co., office No. 253 Pearl street, 
and on the east side by the Cleveland Gas-Light and Coke Co., office 
No. 356 Superior street. On the west side the length of main pipe 
is 26^ miles; number of consumers, 1,400; number of street lamps, 
770. On the east side the length of main pipe is about 90 miles; 
number of consumers about 5,000; number of street gas lamps, 
2,267. The number of oil street lamps on both sides of the river is 
^065. 

The Infirmary is managed by a Board of Infirmary Directors, 
three in number, one being elected annually by the people. The 
report for the year 1875 shows there were 230 inmates remaining at 
the Infirmary at the close of 1874; born during the year 1875, 24; 
admitted, 553; inmates discharged during the year, 472; died, 65; 
remaining at date, 161 males and 109 females. Of these persons 
remaining, 63 were Americans; 116 born in Ireland; Germany, 53; 



58 



C hv eland "MUni U a fed. 



England, 22 ; Canada, 4; Scotland, 1; Switzerland, 3 ; Bohemia, 3; 

Wales, 2; Isle of Man, 1; Norway, 1; Denmark, 1. The actual 
expenses of the city board were $1 1,057.50: hills for out-door relief 
audited, $57,738.72; miscellaneous, $1,856.49; Infirmary proper, 
bills audited, $16,12915; farm produce, considered as purchase's, 
$3,884.50; cash received from taxes, $83,804.34; balance, $1,134.98. 
The Board of Directors of the House of Correction arc 
appointed by the Mayor and approved by the Council. The Work- 
house is situated on Woodland avenue, near the crossing of the ('. & 




WORK- HOUSE. 

P. R. R. The building is large and imposing, as will be seen by the 
illustration given. It includes male and female departments, admin- 
istration building, male and female workshops, chapel and hospital, 
engine-house and other accessories. The cost of the structure, 
including the cost of furnishing it, and two and a half acres of land 
on which it stands, is as nearly as can be ascertained $250,000. It 
is divided into two departments, one for adult and the other for 
juvenile offenders. The Work-house department was put into 
operation on the 1st of January, t 8 7 1 , and the Refuge department 






W 

for juvenile offenders, on the ist of July following. Both depart- 
ments are confided to the management of a board of five directors, 
appointed for the term of five years, one going out, and one coming 
into office each year. The whole number of inmates confined in 
these institutions, in the course of the first year, was 585 ; in the 
second, 1,129; m tne third, 1,352; in the fourth, 1,560; in the fifth, 
1,729. . The average number for the first year was 60; for the sec- 
ond, 192; for the third, 248; for the fourth, 304; for the fifth, 378. 
In comparing the financial results, it appears that for the first year 
the cash receipts paid into the city treasury were $1,200, and the 
expenditures $34,697.13; for the second year the receipts were 
$6,903.33, and the expenditures $28,146.93 ; for the third year the 
receipts were $37,690.64, and the expenditures $42,962.46 ; for the 
fourth year the receipts were $51,000.81, and the expenditures 
$65,382.41 ; and for the fifth year the receipts were $56,342.74, and 
the expenditures, including the cost of improvements, $84,662.04. 
The inmates of the two departments are kept so separated as to pre- 
vent all intercourse or communication with each other, and are 
placed under the supervision and control of the same officers. The 
employments consist in seating chairs, manufacturing brushes and 
paper boxes. The institution is intended to be reformatory as well as 
punitive. Yet adult offenders are rarely reformed on the short sen- 
tences they usually receive. In the Refuge, where juvenile offenders 
may be retained until of age, if needful in order to effect their 
reformation and give them a good common school education, it is 
seldom that a failure to reform them occurs. At this time there are 
160 youth in this department. It is proposed by the city authori- 
ties to provide for them a reform farm, at some convenient point in 
the county, where they can be better accommodated and be removed 
from the influence of a work-house atmosphere. \- 

The Cleveland Industrial School originated from a Sunday 
school known as the Ragged School, and was established near the 
close of the year 1856, by the City Council, as a day school. The 
old brick school-house on Champlain street was appropriated to its 
use, and Robert Waterton appointed its superintendent. The object 



60 



i(c I'c/a nd ( „cjf/i/-i ti a fed. 



of the school is to reach and gather in the neglected and uncared- 
for children of the city who seldom or never attend the public 
schools, and give them, as far as practicable, a common school 
education, with habits of industry and sound moral principles, and 
thus fit them to become good and useful citizens. As inducements 
to attend school these youth are given a daily dinner, with such 
articles of clothing as they most need, as rewards for good behavior 
and progress in their studies. Half their time is devoted to study 
and the other half to some industrial employment, such as sewing, 
knitting and domestic work. In the course of the last twenty years 
thousands of boys and girls of the city have been thus trained, and 
reclaimed from a life of ruin and moral degradation. It is an insti- 




INDUSTRIAL HOME, DETROIT STREET. 

tution, in its objects, highly creditable to the city, and should, under 
proper management, be liberally sustained. 

The Industrial Farm, School and Home was established on 
Detroit street. West Cleveland, in 1869. Its design is to receive, 
reclaim and educate "the neglected, destitute and homeless children 
of Cleveland and its vicinity," and thus provide for them a home 
until they can maintain themselves, or be otherwise provided with 
suitable homes in good families, either in the city or country. This 
institution is purely benevolent in its character, and is controlled by 
the "Children's Aid Society of Cleveland," which is an incorporated 



meveland ( m?Mu£ftafod. 



6/ 



body, composed of some twenty philanthropic citizens of the city. 
It depends wholly for its support on the charities of the public. Its 
lands — a farm of sixty acres — came by donations; ten acres of which 
were given, with a large two-story brick dwelling upon it, by Mrs. 
Jennings, a lady of generous impulses and kind sympathies, who 
takes a great interest in the success of the enterprise. At present 
the school is composed exclusively of boys, about fifty in number 
as an average, who are here trained and treated as members of the 
same family, in accordance with the objects of the institution. It is 
a noble work, and deserves the encouragement of every Christian 
philanthropist and friend of humanity. 




62 



1 ere! and ^KiP-ilih fi aied. 
1 



1'lTiUC PARKS AND CEMETERIES. 



%,/?* HEX the plan of Cleveland was first laid out provision was 
£(® made for the accommodation oi the future townsmen on 
]*&£&£) public occasions, by setting apart ten acres in the center 
of the town as a public square. This was to be forever devoted to the 

comfort, conve- 
nience and use 
of the citizens 
as a whole. For 
a long time it 
remained an 
I open common, 
crossed in all 
directions by 
jj foot-paths. It 
was made the 



ilfei 7 

'Wvs l ) l a y-g roun d ot 

"iM the °°ys of the 

village; public 
meetings we re- 
held on it; every- 
thing of an out- 
door public na- 
ture took place 
there. Cattle 
grazed on its 




irecir"r\- r^. \ ^ 

PUBLIC SQUARE, NORTHWEST SECTION — 1876 

scant}' herbage; horses were exercised on its broad area; and no 
doubt the wandering swine of the early inhabitants of the future city 
ploughed its turf with their snouts. The maps of the town for the 
first twenty years do not show any street crossing its surface, being 



j&£ 



• t'c re (an d "sjilui il a fed, 



63 




64 ^kvtiand &Uu6f'cated. 

carried only to the boundaries. How it looked in 1839 is shown 
in the illustration given on -the preceding page. The log jail and 
court-house of 18 12 stood on the northwest part, and the new court- 
house of 1828 stood on the southwest part. In course of time 
Superior and Ontario streets were carried through the Square, Euclid 
stopping as before at the southeast corner. The four plats thus made 
were fenced in, and became the favorite resort at night for stray 
cows, as the fence before long became dilapidated. Numerous pro- 
jects were broached for improving its appearance, involving the 
stoppage of travel by teams through it and the throwing the four 
"cow pastures" into one park. This was eventually done, notwith- 
standing strong opposition, the work of barricading the streets being 
done at night, to prevent an injunction being obtained between the 
passage of the order in Council and the commencement of working 
hours the following day. On the 10th of September, i860, the anni- 
versary of the battle of Lake Erie, the marble statue of Commodore 
Perry, which now graces the center of the park, was inaugurated 
with great ceremony, in the presence of one hundred thousand 
people drawn from several states to witness it and do honor to the 
day. The ceremonies were participated in by the governors and 
state officers of Ohio and Rhode Island, Commodore Perry being a 
native of the latter state, and military and masonic organizations of 
both states were also present and participated in the proceedings of 
the day. The oration was delivered by the historian, Hon. George 
Bancroft, and addresses were also made by survivors of the battle. 
In the afternoon a representation of the battle took place on the lake 
immediately off the city, the bank being thronged with spectators. 
The statue is eight feet and two inches in height, and stands on a 
pedestal of Rhode Island granite, the whole height, including the 
base, being twenty-five feet. The sculptor was William Walcutt, 
and the entire work of modeling and cutting the statue from a block 
of Carrara marble was done on the premises of the contractors, T. 
Jones & Son, Cleveland. It is believed this was the first attempt in 
a western state to execute a work of this character. The statue is 
pronounced, by those competent to judge, a good likeness of the 



pfowtand 



W0uiUwted. 



65 



Commodore, and the study of costume and appointments was made 
from the original materials. On the front of the pedestal is a circu- 
lar tablet bearing an alto-relievo representing the passage of Perry 
in a boat from 
the disabled 
Lawrence to 
the Niagara in 
the midst of the 
fight. The mon- 
ument is flank- 
ed by figures in 
marble of a sai- 
lor boy and a 
young midship- 
man. 

Within a few- 
years a great 
change has tak- 
en place in the 
appearance of 
the P u 1) 1 i c 
Square. Pro- 
vision was made 
by the legisla- 
ture for the cre- 
ation of a board 
of commission- 
e r s to take 
charge of the 
parks of the 
city, with pow- perry's monument. 

ers to levy a tax for their maintenance. The name of the Public 
Square was altered to Monumental Park. The surface was changed 
from a dead level to one of charming irregularity. In the southwest 
quarter a rustic fountain, with a couple of ponds connected by a 
5 




66 



■(aw (an a 



'uitiCitcd 



waterfall, was constructed, the ponds being fringed with flowering 
plants and shrubs, and a rustic bridge thrown across the stream 
below # the fall. In the northwest quarter is a large fountain which 
throws a jet of water to a considerable height, with a circle of jets 
issuing from lilies around the central jet. The northeast quarter is 
occupied with a large rustic pavilion, surrounded with rock-work, 

&LJP. flowers, and 

ferns, and 






JS&l 



i^^^^^^^^^^ : ^^:^^^i^Q^M having foun- 

%4S^^^^^^^Pl*^- ; " v; J^y^ inu from its 
^mSW^P^^^^-:^^^ side. In this 

zSWt>-\ fir • .■-'-" ■■ ^Wh • , • 



^111 pavilion on 
summer eve- 
nings a band 
givesopenair 
concerts for 
the benefit of 
the citizens 
who throng 
thewalksand 
open spaces 
in the neigh- 
lorhood. 
The park is 
well shaded 
with elm and 
maple trees, 
1 tanks of flow- 
ers of brilliant color are scattered over the area, the turf is thick and 
smooth, and the most diligent care shown in keeping the grounds in 
perfect order. Near the center are two war trophies: a cannon 
captured from the British in the battle of Lake Erie, and a field- 
piece captured by the Cleveland Light Artillery at Carrick's Ford, 
West Virginia, in the war of the rebellion. The first city flag-pole 




MONUMENTAL PARK. RUSTIC 15 RIDGE. 



i&kwland 'Sllu&Uafad. 



67 



erected on the park was in 1861. In April of that year, when Fort 
Sumter was fired upon, the Cleveland Grays had their rendezvous in 
Lyman's Hall. When the call for 75,000 volunteers was issued, a 
flag was suspended between the Grays' armory and the court-house; 
but the place was not suitable from which to float America's colors, and 
the idea of a 
flag-pole on the 
square was then 
suggested. Jas. 
Pannel and Da- 
vid Price went 
to work, and by 
one dollar sub- 
scriptions soon 
raised sufficient 
money to carry 
out the idea. 
They contract- 
ed for a pole, 

selecting the 

spars t h e m - l K 

selves, and had \ 

it erected about 

the middle of 

May, of that 

year. The main 

mast was about 

eighty feet in 

length, and the 

top mast fifty- 




SUPERIOR ST., WEST FROM MONUMENTAL PARK. 



five feet. It was planted nine feet in the ground, plank, two inches 
thick, twelve inches wide and eight feet long, being spiked to the 
sides of the pole beneath the ground, as a support. In planting it 
was also protected by a liberal application of salt and tar. In the 
top of the main mast a two-inch hole, eight feet in depth, was made 



68 



y/cr c/(///d e £Milu& ti a fed. 



and filled with salt. This hole was covered with a sheet of copper. 
The first flag run up the pole was made of merino, bunting being so 
scarce at that time that not enough could be found for the purpose. 
This flag was twenty-six by forty feet, and was paid for by the city. 
It did not stand the wear long, and was soon replaced by one made 
of bunting. About the year 1868 the idea of putting a weather vane 

on the top of 

the pole was 
|p conceived, but 
/ '-,-u> tlie topmast 
was not strong 
enough to bear 
it, and was ac- 
cordingly tak- 
en down and 
a new one put 
up. In 1875 
the pole was 
blown down 
by a furious 
gale, when it 
was found to 
be dry-rotten 
throughout. 
In 1876 the 
same persons, 
with some 
friends, pro- 
posed to erect another pole. Subscriptions were readily obtained, 
and at sunrise of July 4, 1876, the pole was formally presented to 
the city, with appropriate exercises, by the subscribers. The pole 
is one hundred and sixty-eight feet high, the upper section, of sixty 
feet, being of wood, ami the lower composed of Bessemer steel, 
three-eighths of an inch thick, rolled in plates and riveted together 
so as to form a hollow cylinder. The steel pole weighs about six 




MONUMENTAL PARK, PROM FOREST CITY HOUSE. 



jo lev eland \<$llutf'caUd. . Q9 



tons. The bottom rests on a Berea stone block ten feet square and 
one foot thick, which weighs nine tons. This stone is eleven feet 
under ground, and around it is built a frame box reaching to the 
surface, the space thus formed being filled with concrete and broken 
stone. Before this was filled in, four heavy iron beams were placed 
in. At the surface two large braces of the same kind of rock inclose 
the pole, and to these a heavy iron collar on the pole is fastened, 
making it perfectly safe and secure. Upon this collar are medallions 
bearing the dates 1776 and 1876, interlaced with each other and 
surrounded with the inscriptions "United we stand; divided we 
fall," and "The Flag of our Union forever." 

Lake View Park, occupying the lake front of the city from 
Seneca street eastward to Erie street, is a pleasure ground of new 
creation and is not yet quite completed. Its site was, until very 
recently, a ragged bluff, with unsightly gullies at intervals, around 
which clustered wretched shanties. Authority being given the city 
for the purpose, the lake front between the points already mentioned 
was appropriated for public uses and placed in the keeping of the 
Park Commissioners for improvement. They went vigorously to 
work and in a short time effected a complete change in the appear- 
ance of the city as seen from the lake or railroad. Summit street 
was removed farther from the edge of the bluff, and made a wide, 
handsome drive the entire length of the park. The face of the bluff 
was graded and terraced. Trees were planted, rock-work piled up, 
the numerous springs in the side hill taken up for fountains, the 
unsightly gullies converted into small lakes fed by series of cascades. 
In the course of a year, taste, skill, money and labor had wrought a 
complete revolution. Lake View Park to-day, considering its limited 
extent, is one of the most attractive spots to be found anywhere in 
the shape of a public park. Every pleasant evening sees it crowded 
with people drawn thither by its beauty and by the opportunity it 
affords for a view of the ever charming panorama of the lake, with 
its wide expanse of water, dotted with white sails, and crossed at 
frequent intervals with steamers, lit up by the gorgeous and swiftly 
changing hues of sunset. The park now includes nine acres in a 



70 



mm/and 'xJ((u6t'cated. 

■ 




^Cleveland imihiiUated. 



71 



long and narrow strip, of which the utmost has been made. The 
grounds of the Marine Hospital are to be included in its extent 
shortly, which will increase its area to eleven acres. Along the entire 
length, above and below, run broad carriage drives with occasional 
roads of connection, whilst foot-paths traverse the space in all direc- 
tions. Between the park and the lake, and separated from the former 
by an iron railing, are the tracks of the Lake Shore & Michigan 
Southern and Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroads, passengers by these 
lines having a full view of the park as they approach or leave the 
Union Depot, which is near the Western end of Lake View. 




THE CIRCLE, WEST SIDE. 

The Circle, west side, was an open space on Franklin street, 
from which Hanover and other streets radiated. The Park Commis- 
sioners have greatly improved it by grassing and ornamenting the 
space between the streets. In the center rises a structure of rock- 
work, covered with plants, vines, and flowers in their season, the 
whole being surmounted by a rustic arbor and lit by gas lamps. Jets 
of water issue from the corners of the pile and fall into basins of 
rock-work. Here on summer evenings a band frequently plays for 



72 



, 



tit refund ' 'J tfti Elated 



the entertainment of the people who throng to the pretty little 
breathing space. The illustration gives a very good representation 
of the structure in the Circle. 

Clinton Park is a space on Lake street, surrounded by Clinton 
Court, which is handsomely shaded with trees and kept in good order 
for the accommodation of the residents of that part of the city. 

The Erie Stref.t Cemetery is the oldest now in existence in 
the city. An older burying ground was at the corner of Prospect and 




ERIF. STREET CEMETERY — ENTRANCE. 

Ontario streets, hut this was abandoned very many years ago, and its 
existence had been almost forgotten when, in digging for the foun- 
dation of a new block some years since, the remains of a number of 
bodies were found. The land fen- the Erie Street Cemetery, ten and 
a quarter acres in extent, was given to the settlement in 1808 by the 
Connecticut Land Company, under whose auspices the town was laid 
out and settled. Whether any bodies were placed in it before 1817 
is not definitely known, as the records for the first few years were 



Mtevdand iBllu&tiaied. 73 

accidentally burned. The first recorded burial in these grounds was 
in 1817. The sentiment of the people was not in favor of the site, 
it being considered too far away from the settled part of the town, 
and there was a decided objection to taking the bodies of the 
deceased Clevelanders so far out into the forest. The oldest graves 
are now to be found just inside the Erie street entrance, south of the 
gate. The grounds are laid out in twelve sections, containing from 
two hundred to three hundred lots in each section. The main 
avenue is heavily shaded with trees, and well-grown trees are scat- 
tered over the entire space. Many tombs and monuments are of 
imposing and tasteful design. The receiving vault, situated in the 
east center, is ten feet by twenty-four feet, mostly beneath the 
surface, and entered by an. arch. The cemetery is now so crowded 
that no interments are permitted except in lots already owned by 
the representatives of the deceased, and many of the bodies pre- 
viously interred there have been removed by the friends to the 
other and newer cemeteries. Within a few years great improvements 
have been made in the surroundings. A new and tasteful iron fence 
has been erected and an elegant main entrance gateway of cut stone 
was completed in 187 1, at a cost of $8,296. Our illustration shows 
this entrance. 

Woodland Cemetery, on the north side of Woodland avenue, 
between Cemetery and Giddings avenues, contains sixty acres of 
land, beautifully laid out. The tract was purchased by the city in 
August, 1 85 1. The old cemetery on Erie street had become insuf- 
ficient for the growing needs of the city, and it was seen to be too 
near the center of population, although once considered at too great 
a distance. The new cemetery was located at a distance so great 
that it was supposed no objection on account of neighborhood to 
residences could possibly be made for the next half century at the 
least. But it is already the center of a populous district, and 
removals are being made to the new Lake View Cemetery, still 
farther distant. The first interment in Woodland was made June 
23, 1853, and now this city of the dead is thickly peopled. The 
main entrance is on Woodland avenue, through a handsome gothic 



74 



wdand ^cJf/i/ifiafed. 



gateway, erected in 1870 at a cost of between $7,000 and $S,ooo. 
The gateway is flanked by a chapel and waiting room, tastefully 
arranged. The receiving vault, a gothic structure, is a little to the 
east of the main entrance. In the center of the grounds is a spacious 
and handsome pavillion, commanding a view of some of the most 
artistically arranged portions of the grounds and many of the finest 
monuments. In the laying out and decoration of the cemetery 
much skill and taste have been displayed, and the monuments are 




WOODL AN D C E -N I E T E R V 



-MAIN ENTRANCE. 



in very many cases elaborate and elegant structures. During the 
summer season it is visited on Sundays and holidays by thousands 
of persons. 

Monroe Street Cemetery, on Monroe street, west side, between 
Green and Jersey streets, is handsomely laid out with drives and 
walks, and of late years has been kept in admirable order. In 1874 
a new entrance gateway was erected, of the same general style as 
the main entrance of the Erie Street Cemetery. In the present year 
an office and ladies' waiting room were added, the total cost of the 



V- 



hwland C M //imitated. 



75 



whole being $7,700. In the south end of the grounds is the receiving 
vault, a gothic building, eighteen feet by twenty-four feet, the interior 
of which is arranged on an entirely new plan for handling caskets. 

Lake View Cemetery, on Euclid avenue, is beyond the city 
limits, in the village of East Cleveland, being distant five miles from 
Monumental Park. It is reached by a beautiful drive on Euclid 




LAKE VIEW CEMETERY FRONT VIEW OF RECEIVING VAULT. 

avenue and also by the East Cleveland street car line from the foot 
of Superior street. The cemetery is the property of an association 
acting under a law passed for the purpose in 1870. This law author- 
ized the purchase by the association of lands for cemetery purposes 
not to exceed five hundred acres in extent, and provided that all the 



6 



k$leve<and c sJUmflatcd. 



receipts shall be used exclusively for the payment of the original cost 
of the land, its laying out, and the preserving, protecting, and embel- 
lishing the cemetery and its avenues, and erecting the necessary 
buildings. The grounds occupy an area of three hundred and four 
acres, of diversified surface, having a range of altitude of over two 
hundred feet. The work of laying out and beautifying was under 
the direct personal supervision of Mr. J. H. Wade, President of the 
association, to whose enterprise and persistent energy the success of 




LAKE VIEW CEMETERY — SIDE VIEW OF VAULT. 

the undertaking is largely due. When purchased, the land was a 
wilderness of rock, stream, and woodland. With taste and capital, 
the work of laying out and beautifying was commenced and ener- 
getically pushed until the grounds reached their present condition 
of elegance. Ponds were constructed, bridges built, broad drives 
and inviting paths made, romantic retreats devised, trees planted, the 
old forest trees preserved in the most picturesque sites, the natural 
shrubberies improved in appearance, and evidences of skill, taste, 



-^ 



Wtewland WWu&tiofad. 



v j 



G ><_; 



77 



and judiciously applied capital made visible at every point. The 
enterprise was a success from the commencement. Lots were freely 
purchased and a great number of persons having valuable lots in 
the other cemeteries abandoned them and removed the bodies there 
interred to Lake View. Costly monuments were erected, vieing in 
elegance and artistic taste with the best in any cemetery in the land. 
The grounds are now so attractive and the road thither so pleasant, 
that it is a favorite drive for citizens, and a place no stranger should 




LAKE VIEW CEMETERY POND. 

fail to see. The association continues under the presidency of 
J. H. Wade, with C. W. Lepper as secretary and treasurer. 

Riverside Cemetery is a new enterprise, conducted by an asso- 
ciation on the same plan as Lake View Cemetery, and under the 
same act of the legislature. The land was known as the Brainard 
farm. It comprises one hundred and two acres and is somewhat less 
than three miles from Monumental Park, just south of the junction 
of Scranton avenue and the old Columbus road, on the eastern side 
of the latter, extending to the valley of the Cuyahoga river, and 
touching at one point the track of the Valley Railroad. The front 



78 t level and sQilmtiaUd. 



is ample, though comparatively narrow, but the north and south lines 
diverge from it to a considerable width, and, with the eastern, are 
irregular — the front or western only being straight. A deep ravine 
is the northern limit, while two or three others in the southern and 
central lines unite in a large one, the lowest point of which is scarcely 
above the level of the river bottom land, and some one hundred feet 
below the highest point of elevation of the plateau above. The 
streams and ravines in part are to be formed into ponds, of which 
there will be four; one of four and a half acres, one of one and a 
fourth acre, and two of one acre each. Three bridges will connect 
drives at points that present charming vistas; one bridge will be 
rustic with a span of one hundred and seventeen feet, and one with 
a span of one hundred and twenty feet. There will be three cas- 
cades. The drives will be of a united length of five and a third 
miles. Not far from the entrance will he a tomb or vault and a 
chapel. From this chapel, extending in a straight line to the east- 
ward one thousand feet, is laid out a broad avenue terminating at a 
fountain, the basin of which will be fifty feet in diameter, and a por- 
tion of the water of which will fall in smooth flow over the polished 
surface of a dark granite column, affording a charming and novel 
effect. The President of the association is Josiah Barber, and the 
executive committee is composed of Messrs. J. M. Curtiss, S. W. 
Sessions, Thomas Dixon, and George H. Foster. 

The Catholic Cemeterv is on the south side of Woodland ave- 
nue, between Geneva street and Giddings avenue, nearly opposite 
Woodland Cemetery. 

St. Mary's Cemetery is on the east side of Burton street, corner 
of Clark avenue. 

North Brooklyn Protestant Cemetery is on the west side 
of Scranton avenue, between Wade street and Seymour avenue. 

The Jewish Cemeteries are on Siam street, between Willet and 
Japan streets, having an area of one and a half acres. 

Hungarian Aid Cemetery is between Waverly street and Rocky 
River Railroad station. 

Chebra Kadisha Beth Israel Cemetery is between Waverly 
street and Rocky River Railroad station. 



Jvn " .73 

Wkvdand ImMuiilatvd. 79 



PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 




WO feature of Cleveland is a source of more pride on the part 
of the citizens than the public schools. They are known to 
educators all over the Union as ranking among the highest, 
and visitors from all parts have borne testimony to their excellence. 
Unsought tributes have been received from foreign countries, repre- 
sentatives of whose best educational experience have from time to 
time made a tour of inspection among the schools of American cities 
bearing the highest repute, in order to study their working and copy 
their best points so far as practicable. At the Vienna Exposition of 
1873 the exhibit made by the Cleveland schools won a diploma for 
superiority of school system, in a competition open to the schools of 
the world. The exhibit at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, 
in 1S76, where again the Cleveland schools came in competition with 
the schools of all nations, was no less creditable. The system is 
composed of primary, grammar and high schools, with a normal 
school for training teachers. No city in the United States, of its size 
and class, surpasses, if it equals, Cleveland in the number and per- 
fection of its school buildings, and in this respect it challenges 
competition with cities much larger and older. The buildings are 
large, roomy, and provided with every improvement in construction, 
furniture, and educational appliances. The later erected grammar- 
school buildings range in cost from $50,000 to ^70,000, exclusive of 
the land, and without furniture. So rapid is the increase of demand 
for school facilities, that although the work of erecting large and 
costly buildings goes on continuously the supply keeps far behind 
the demand ; the new buildings are crowded as soon as completed, 
and it becomes necessary in every case to supplement the new brick 
"educational palaces" with a number of frame "relief buildings," 
until another large structure can be built. The report for the school 
year ending August 31, 1875, shows there were in operation that 



80 



.Cleveland Zd /Initiated. 




aYA. 



iewiund fmfiitdkafed. 



81 



year 34 grammar and primary schools and 5 schools of higher grade. 
The number of teachers employed was 308. During 1876 new 
buildings were erected and several additional schools opened. The 




CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL, EUCLID AVENUE. 

total number of scholars registered was 19,705 ; the average number 

of pupils belong to the schools, 14,031; the average daily attend- 
ance, 13,147. The following summaries show the classification: 

GRAMMAR AND PRIMARY. 

Boys. Giki s. Total. 

Registered 9.694 9>39^ 19,090 

Average belonging 6,802 6,708 13,510 

Average daily attendance 6,393 6,257 12,650 

HIGHER SCHOOLS. 

Registered 265 350 615 

Average belonging 230 290 520 

Average daily attendance 221 276 497 

TOTALS. 

Registered 9>959 9>74-6 l 9>7°5 

Average belonging 7,°3 2 6,999 l 4>°3 ' 

Average daily attendance 6,61 5 6,532 1 3, 147 

6 



82 t (cvcfa/iu c X?ilu6tlaUd 

The continuance in school during the school year 1874-5, was 

Less than 2 months 1 1.0 per cent. 

2 and less than 4 months 14.8 per cent. 

4 and less than 6 months. ... 9.7 per cent. 

6 and less than 8 months 1 2.9 per cent. 

8 and less than 10 months. 23.8 per cent. 

Entire year 27.8 per cent. 



Total 100.0 

The figures given above were for the school year ending with the 
summer vacation of 1875. The statistics at the opening of the 
schools for the school year 1875-6 indicate their rapid growth. At 
the opening in September, 1875, there were in the Grammar and 
Primary schools 295 teachers, in the High Schools 18, in the Normal 
4, in the departments of music, drawing and penmanship 5, making 
in all over 320 who are engaged in the actual work of instruction in 
the schools. This was an increase of 12. The average daily attend- 
ance of pupils was 13,881 ; an increase of 734. 

The total actual cost of instruction of the grammar and primary 
schools in the school year 1874-5 was $169,905.58; of the normal 
and high schools, $32,252.55; total, $202,158.13. The financial 
report of the Board of Education for the school year 1874-5 shows 
that the receipts from the ordinary sources of revenue were as 
follows : 

Taxes (city levy), including Nevvburgh. . $32^,130 38 

Taxes, state apportionment 69,804 47 

Tuition of non-resident pupils 794 25 



Total $395>7 2 9 10 

Total expenditures for salaries of all regular 

employes $249,987 67 

For building and all permanent improvements. . 62,602 38 

All other expenditures 4 3>5°5 1 9 



Total expenditures for all purposes 356,095 2 4 



Receipts above all expenditures ^39,633 86 



■lev eland IC/f/iufc a fed. 



83 



As showing the comparative cost of tuition per capita, the fol- 
lowing table is taken from the United States Commissioner of 
Education's last annual report: 



Average Expense i-er 
Capita. 



Compared with 
Cleveland. 



C Mo 

o c a c 



Alleghany S 1 3 55 

Baltimore 17 37 

Boston 23 44 

Chicago 16 73 

Cincinnati 19 84 

Cleveland ' 5 79 

Columbus l 5 96 

Dayton 19 28 

Detroit 1242 

Fert Wayne 1787 

Indianapolis 16 25 

New Haven 18 09 

Newark ... 15 00 

New York 21 62 

New Orleans 22 22 

Pittsburgh 19 13 

Rochester ... 1 6 26 

St. Louis 20 92 

San Francisco 26 36 

Springfield, Mass 21 83 

Toledo 16 08 

Worcester 1 7 24 

Zanesviile .... 17 59 



t, a. >-a 
o y. a a 

„M 

5? ° « 

$5 78 
4 5 2 
7 9 6 

3 33 

4 5° 
4 93 
622 

3° 
20 

58 
67 
72 
92 



6 
6 
6 

4 
4 

4 

7 76 
6 04 

6 02 

8 68 

9 20 

7 4 2 

8 56 

6 82 
5 68 

7 2 4 



5l 9 33 

21 89 

3 1 4° 
20 06 

2 4 34 
20 72 

22 18 

25 5 8 

18 62 

24 45 
20 92 
22 81 

19 92 

29 38 
28 26 

25 15 
24 94 

30 12 

33 78 

3° 39 
22 90 

22 92 

24 83 



1 17 
10 68 



1 46 
4 86 

3 73 
20 

2 09 

8 66 

7 54 

4 43 
4 22 

9 4° 
13 06 

9 6 7 

2 18 

2 20 

4 n 



;i 39- 



66 



80 



From which it appears that in eighteen of these cities the cost per 
capita exceeds that in Cleveland — the most of them largely — while 
in only four is it less, and but a trifle. In reality the cost is less in 
but three of these cities. In his last annual report the president of 
the Chicago School Board says : " Of the large number in attendance 
last year, some ten thousand could be given only half-day sessions, 
owing to the want of school room." Had these children been given 



84 



a. 



(cvL'taud '.Ul/u^ fl a fed. 



full day sessions, their per capita cost would have considerably 
exceeded that of Cleveland. 

A comparison of the salaries paid during 1875 shows that Cleve- 
land paid an average of $659, whilst St. Louis paid $769, Chicago 
$799, and Cincinnati $833. 




NORMAL SCHOOL, EAGLE STREET. 

At present there are three high schools — Central, West and East. 
This arrangement will probably be modified with the erection of a 
new high school building for the east side of the river, which is to 
be commenced at an early date, the old Central building being 
inadequate to meet the rapidly increasing demands upon it. The 
existence of the three institutions is due to the progress of annexa- 
tion to the city's territory. The compact of union between Cleveland 



C'fepefaml "SkhtMt-afod. 85 

and Ohio City stipulated that a high school should be erected and 
maintained on the west side as well as on the east side. The later 
annexation of East Cleveland corporation brought in a high school 
already established there. It is proposed to unite this with the 
Central in one large building in some part of the city east of the 
present Central. The normal school has been established two years. 
In the first year forty-two young ladies were graduated, and nearly 
all of them found situations in the city schools. The second year's 
class numbered forty-six. In the school-house on Eagle Street there 
are five classes, composed of small pupils, which are taught by the 
students of the normal school. There are two training teachers, 
who have general supervision of the teaching and give the young 
ladies all the instruction possible. They are appointed to this work 
on account of their special fitness for the kind of service required. 
The teachers from the normal school are detailed by turns, five 
teaching one week, and another five the next week. In this way 
they get a practical knowledge of the work, and by the time they 
have ended a course of one or two years in the school they are quite 
proficient, and prepared for regular work. By this plan the service 
of two salaried teachers for these schools is dispensed with, and 
money saved to the city. Quite a large portion of the normal pupils 
are from the graduating class of the high school ; others from differ- 
ent schools and towns outside of the county are also among the 
number. 

The General Superintendent of the Public Schools is A. J. 
Rickoff; Superintendent of High Schools, Dr. S. G. Williams; 
Principal of Normal School, Alexander Forbes. 



86 6 lev ' eland %$Uulttaied. 




LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS. 



'HE Cleveland Public Library was organized under an act 
of the legislature permitting boards of education in certain 
cities to establish libraries and levy a tax for their support. 
The remains of the old school libraries were gathered up to form a 
nucleus, and as the funds from taxation accumulated books were 
added. The location of the library was changed several times until 
the new City Hall was acquired by the city, when convenient rooms 
were allotted foi its use, and the library removed to its present per- 
manent location. The funds raised by taxation and from fines are 
expended exclusively in the purchase and binding of books. Salaries 
and all other expenses are paid out of the Board of Education fund. 
The receipts on account of the library fund proper, for the year 
1875, were $7,121.36, and disbursements for books, papers, periodi- 
cals, and binding, $6,493.92. The amount in the hands of the 
Treasurer at the end of the year was $6,815.78. In the summer of 
1876 the Librarian reported the number of volumes in all languages 
to be twenty-three thousand. During the previous year the num- 
ber of volumes drawn was two hundred and twenty-five thousand. 
Average number drawn per week, four thousand five hundred. About 
five thousand volumes are added yearly to the shelves. A reference 
room has been opened recently, in which there are twenty-five 
hundred volumes, to be consulted there only. A reading room has 
also been opened, which is supplied with thirty-one American daily 
papers, twenty-six American weeklies, seven English weeklies, and 
thirteen magazines. The whole number of visitors to the reading 
room for one day, from 8 a. m. to 10 p. m., was four hundred and 
forty-seven; the greatest number for any two hours was eighty- 
eight, between 8 a. m. and 10 a. m., and the least number thirty-five, 
between 5 p. m. and 7 P. M. The hours of the library and reference 
rooms are 10 a. m. to 9 P. M. ; reading room from 8 a. m. to 10 p. m. 
The use of all parts of the library is free to every resident of the city. 



ifgfowfattd ^mluiUat&d. 87 

The Cleveland Library Association was incorporated in 1848, 
its purpose being for a library and an annual course of lectures. It 
was for many years the only public library in Cleveland, and of 
great value in an educational way, both by its library and its 
lectures. Its first president was the late William Case. The asso- 
ciation was the outgrowth of an organization formed in 181 1, when 
the first library of the city was established. That society was 
composed of seventeen members, all of whom are now dead. A 
financial depression which came upon the country soon after the 
formation of the society brought about its dissolution, and it was 
not until 1833 that the same element arose in the formation of a 
debating club, which was organized under the name of a lyceum. 
Its meetings were at first held in the second story of a frame build- 
ing which stood where the American House is now. When the old 
Stone Church was completed, the scene of its disputations was 
transferred to the basement of that church, entering by a door on 
Ontario street. In the fall of 1835 a reading room association was 
formed, sustained by voluntary subscriptions and contributions. A 
year later the Young Men's Literary Association was formed, intended 
for library purposes. Within one year it had collected eight hundred 
volumes. In 1843 this association was dissolved, and the books 
were scattered, some remaining in the hands of members, others 
being taken by creditors, and a few found their way into the present 
library. Two years after a fresh set of young men undertook the 
work, retaining the same name, but the principal objects were those 
of a library rather than a literary association. In 1848 it became 
a corporation under its present name, having been previously known 
as " The Young Men's Literary Association." Its two hundred 
shares of stock, at $10 each, increased its library to one thousand 
six hundred volumes, and a librarian was then "in attendance." At 
various times thereafter, through special efforts, substantial additions 
were made to its library. In 1858 a fund of $2,000 was subscribed. 
Its course of lectures were, for many years, more or less profitable, 
one year netting about $2,000. The remaining support has been by 
the annual fee of $3 from each person. In 1847 it had a small 



88 imfawland c :x3lluit'calcd. 

room adjoining the Council Hall, then on the north side of Superior 
street. In 185 1 it was removed to the Herald building, where the 
post-office then was, and in 1856 it was removed to 221 Superior 
street. Mr. William Case was, from the first, much interested in the 
success of the library, and repeatedly served as its chief officer. It 
is understood that in planning the building now known as the Case 
Block, he designed for its use the rooms now occupied by it. He 
did not live to complete the building, but the library was given a 
perpetual lease of the rooms, and his portrait, as its first benefactor, 
decorates the wall. An effort was made, during the year 1867, to 
raise an endowment fund, but without success, and thus the society 
existed under its own management until 1870, living from member- 
ship fees and such donations as came, both solicited and unsolicited. 
On the 3d of May of that year the annual meeting was held, and 
by the strenuous efforts of a few members the constitution was so 
changed as to put the society under the directorship of five persons 
for life. The persons chosen were Samuel Williamson, James Bar- 
nett, H. M. Chapin, William Bingham and B. A. Stanard. These 
persons are yet all on the board except Mr. Williamson, who resigned, 
and W. J. Boardman was selected to fill the vacancy. Shortly after 
the meeting referred to above, Mr. Leonard Case gave to the asso- 
ciation an endowment fund of $25,000, the interest from which, 
with the yearly subscriptions and fees of members, has been its 
source of sustenance. Since that time the library has been in a 
very comfortable condition, and its benefits have been increased and 
expanded. It now contains many valuable works, and it has an 
attendance of first-class readers. It has never been a library such 
as the Public Library, miscellaneous in character, but rather of the 
scientific and special order, and such its benefactor desires that it 
shall continue to be. On the 6th of July, 1876, the trustees of the 
association were surprised by the receipt, from Mr. Leonard Case, 
of a deed of gift of the building in which the library rooms are 
situated, and the land on which it stands. The value of the prop- 
erty is estimated at $300,000, and from it an annual rental of about 
$20,000 is received. 



K&kvvland ^mfuiUaied. 89 

The Western Reserve and Northern Ohio Historical 
Society occupies the entire third floor of the building of the 
Society for Savings, at the northeast corner of Monumental Park. 
It was founded in 1866, and was fortunate in getting at the start a 
very liberal lease, from the Society for Savings, of fire-proof rooms. 
It was not at first generally supported, and would no doubt have 
failed as a society, had it not been for the patient, tender assiduity 
of its president, to whom the city is indebted for years of labor 
bestowed with a view solely to public welfare. The growth of the 
society has been rapid ; very few have grown faster. At the end of 
ten years it has a museum — the best west of the Alleghanies — and a 
large library of works of use in its special purpose, containing many 
valuable and rare books and maps. It has also a large collection of 
valuable manuscripts relating to the early history of the county, its 
title and settlement. Its publications consist of thirty-two pamph- 
lets. It has an irreducible endowment of over $ro,ooo, and its life may 
be considered as assured. It has been of considerable value to the 
country in historical enterprises, being the means of procuring for the 
State "The St. Clair Papers," and getting published by the govern- 
ment "The Margry Papers," the most valuable manuscript collection 
of matter relating to the West — now being issued in Paris by M. 
Pierre Margry. Its terms of membership are $5 per year for annual 
members, and $100 for life. Its officers in 1876 are, President, 
Charles Whittlesey ; Secretary, C. C. Baldwin. This society is 
affiliated with the Cleveland Library Association, being organized 
under the charter of that association, but does not share in its 
property or income. 

The Kirtland Society ok Natural Science was formed in 
the spring of 1869, and the proper papers filed and its incorporation 
completed about June 1st of that year, its object being, in the words 
of its constitution, "the promotion of the study of the natural 
sciences and the collection and establishment of a museum of natural 
history, as a means of popular instruction and amusement." In 
September, 1870, the society reorganized as a branch of the Cleve- 
land Library Association. Its regular meetings are held on the 



90 V lev eland Kdfilltiitlaled. 



v -s 



evenings of the first and third Monday of each month, and have 
been made interesting and instructive by the presentation of many 
original papers on subjects connected with natural history and sci- 
ence, and by social converse and discussion. The large and valuable 
museum of the society is at present well accommodated in a room 
in the upper story of the Cleveland Library Association Building, 
directly above those occupied by the Library Association proper, and 
contains, among others, the collection of mounted specimens of birds 
and mammals made by the late William Case, a large and superior 
collection of birds by R. K. Winslow, the entomological collection of 
the late John Fitzpatrick, bequeathed to the society by him, and 
the conchological cabinet of Dr. Jared P. Kirtland, the honorary 
president of the association. The same eminent naturalist has 
recently given to it also his large collections of birds and insects. 
The resident and corresponding members have been active and suc- 
cessful in enriching it with much valuable material, among which 
may be specially mentioned Dr. Sterling's fine series of casts of. the 
fresh water fishes of our region. The museum is open to the public 
without charge, on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons of each 
week, under the supervision of Mrs. L. O. Rawson, custodian in 
charge. Its library of books relating to its special objects is rapidly 
increasing, and has lately been enriched by the donation of Mr. F. 
R. Elliott's large collection of botanical and horticultural works. 
The society is supported by limited annual assessments upon its 
resident members and by the interest of its life membership fees of 
$100 each. The officers for the year 1876 are, R. K. Winslow, 
President; H. C. Gaylord, Secretary. 

The Cleveland Law Library occupies room 4, on the third 
floor of the Court House. It was founded by the Cleveland Law 
Library Association, organized in 187 1, and now numbering about 
seventy members, the funds being raised by the sale of stock. Since 
then an act of the legislature has been obtained, granting the asso- 
ciation a portion of the fines collected in the Police Court in state 
cases, and throwing the library open to the use of all the members 
of the bar. The book cases contain about three thousand volumes, 



mveland W#Uu&ttu$ed. 



91 



valued at $15,000. Among them is a case of English common law 
reports, dating back one hundred and fifty years. There are also 
Chancery and Exchequer reports, and reports of nearly all of the 
states in the Union. There are United States reports, digests and 
statutes, and a case of miscellaneous works. The room is beauti- 
fully carpeted and most elegantly frescoed. The portrait of the late 
Chief Justice Hitchcock is painted near the center of the ceiling, 
and a portrait of the late C. W. Palmer hangs in the room. 

The Young Men's Guild of Trinity Church have a reading 
room in the guild room at the rear of the rectory, No. 320 Superior 
street. 

The Young Men's Christian Association have a free library 
and reading room, elsvvhere noticed. 

There is a free reading room at the Bethel, 41 Union street. 




92 'Cleveland c !pl(u-)f Kited. 



HOSPITALS AND BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 




HE Northern Ohio Hospital for the Insane, owned 
and supported by the state at large, is in the eastern part of 
°® the city. The building is large and occupies a command- 
ing position, in grounds which nature and art have united to make 
attractive. Immediately in front is a stream, separating the grounds 
from the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad track, which passes 
through the valley. A grove skirts the entire grounds, affording an 
abundance of shade and strolling room for the patients, and adding to 
the general beauty of the location. The main entrance is from Broad- 
way, winding through the grounds by shaded road-ways and pleasant 
foot-paths. A road passes in the rear, by which all the transportation 
of supplies is made. The building itself is an imposing structure, 
built of brick, with a stone front. The center is the administration 
building, to which, on either side, are attached large wings devoted 
to various uses of the hospital. The north wing contains the female 
wards and the south wing the male wards, there being nine wards in 
each. The administration building is devoted to the accommoda- 
tion of the superintendent and his assistants. The first floor contains 
the offices and general reception rooms, and the second is occupied 
by the superintendent and his family. On this floor are also located 
the State parlors, a richly furnished suite of rooms for the entertain- 
ment of State officials. The floor next above is occupied by the 
steward and assistant physicians, while the fourth floor is devoted to 
miscellaneous uses. This building is finished and furnished through- 
out in a tasteful and substantial manner. Between this and the 
chapel building, in the rear, is a spacious court. The chapel is on 
the third floor, the lower floors of that projection being devoted to 
laundry, culinary and other purposes. In the rear extension are the 
large engine and furnaces by which the entire building is heated. 
Through the basement are extended a line of car tracks, with small 



mhwland < W!llu6Uufod. 



93 



cars by which the food and other supplies are despatched to the 
various wards and sent up in dumb waiters. The more violent 
patients are kept in the outer wards, in order to keep them as far as 
possible from the better 
conditioned ones. In all 
of the wards two attend- 
ants are kept constantly to 
entertain and look after 
the patients, though in 
some of them it requires 
the presence of three per- o 
sons to attend to all the Jj 
duties required. These, § 
together with the many 
other persons required K 
about the hosDital, make 
a small army of persons o 
upon whose shoulders rest ~ 
the responsibility of car- £ 

insr for these unfortunate *& 

° c 

beings. Water for drink- ^ 
ing and cooking purposes a- 
is obtained from a large _, 
fresh water spring, while w 
the large amount needed •* 
for other uses is forced up 
from the stream at the 
foot of the hill. At pres- 
ent the pumping engine 
is located immediately in 
front of the building, but 
it is intended to have it 
removed to the upper or southern portion of the yard, near the gas 
works. Visitors are admitted to the hospital on Wednesdays and 
Fridays, and during fair weather there is always a large attendance. 




9 A ~ 'c I'd and %gttu& U a fed. 

One of the pleasantest features of the work at the hospital is the 
regular Wednesday evening dance, when all the milder patients are 
taken to the chapel and an evening of amusement enjoyed. This 
hospital represents the northeastern district of the State, composed 
of the following named counties: Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Ashta- 
bula, Trumbull, Mahoning, Columbiana, Carroll, Stark, Wayne, 
Holmes, Medina, Summit, Lorain, Portage and Tuscarawas. The 
capacity of the building is limited — six hundred — and for that reason 
the several counties composing the district are granted permission 
to send a certain number, being rated according to their population. 
Charity Hospital was founded about thirteen years since, 
through the efforts of Bishop Rappe, then the Catholic bishop of the 
Cleveland diocese. He enlisted the aid of leading citizens of all 
denominations, and in the fall of 1865 the building was so far com- 
pleted as to be ready for the reception of patients, the cost up to that 
time being about $75,000. The institution has no endowment, but is 
almost self-supporting, as a part of it is devoted to the reception of 
private patients, who pay a reasonable sum for their board and attend- 
ance. The hospital is a plain but substantial brick structure, three 
stories high, fronting on Perry street, Garden street running on the 
north and Marion street on its south side. The grounds are extensive 
and beautifully planted with shrubs and shade trees. A handsome 
flight of steps leads to the entrance hall, which is between two square 
towers. The basement is occupied by ordinary male patients. 
Immediately opposite the entrance door is the chapel, and on this, 
the first floor, the resident physician's rooms, the dispensary, and the 
surgery, where cases that require immediate attention are operated 
on. The female charity ward is on the north and the male charity 
ward on the south side, and each contains about twenty beds. On 
the second floor are the private rooms for patients who pay for their 
board and attendance. There are lavatories and water closets on 
each floor, and every convenience for the comfort and happiness of 
the patients. Behind the main building, and connected with it by a 
covered passage, wide enough to admit of a car on which patients 
who cannot walk are carried, is the clinic room for the students of 



Cleveland Ollutf'catcd. 



95 



the Medical Department of Wooster University, where lectures are 
delivered twice a week. During the past year a building for the accom- 
modation of lying-in women and foundlings has been erected in the 




rear of the clinic room and fronting on Marion street. This struc- 
ture is seventy-five feet long by forty-five feet wide and three stories 
high. In the basement are six rooms — dining room, kitchen, store 
rooms, lavatory and other conveniences. From the basement a wide 



96 C/ci'c/and ?0M/u£fZated. 

staircase leads to the first floor, on which are two large, commodious 
and well lighted rooms, fourteen feet in height, for the foundlings, 
a dispensary, reception room, bath room, etc., a wide and airy 
passage running through from north to south. On the floor above 
two-thirds of the space is devoted to three lying-in rooms, each 
thirteen feet in height, with the necessary offices. The third story 
is divided into nine rooms and a lavatory, etc., devoted to patients 
who pay for the care and attention of which they avail themselves. 
The whole of the buildings are heated throughout with steam sup- 
plied from the boiler under the clinic room, and in the main struc- 
ture an elevator, run by steam, conveys patients to the floor on 
which they are to be located, without having to go up by the stair- 
case. The institution receives and cares for all patients, irrespective 
of creed or color. Although under the immediate care of the Sisters 
of Charity of the Roman Catholic Church, no distinction is made 
beyond that which is required by all charitable institutions — that 
they are fit and proper persons for the receipt of charity. The 
Medical Department of the University of Wooster, Dr. Weber, Dean, 
have, ever since the opening of the institution, undertaken to perform 
the surgical and medical work of the hospital for the clinical advant- 
ages which would accrue to the college. Mother Superior St. James 
is the matron, and she is assisted by a corps of sixteen Sisters of 
Charity, who act as nurses and take sole charge of the domestic 
duties of the hospital. 

The Cleveland City Hospital now occupies the building at 
the junction of Lake and Erie streets formerly known as the United 
States Marine Hospital. The building is of stone, three stories, one 
hundred and ten feet by ninety feet, and stands in the midst of five 
acres of grounds handsomely laid out in lawn and terrace. The site 
commands a view of lake scenery more extensive and beautiful than 
is to be obtained elsewhere upon the northern lakes, while the double- 
frontage and wide exterior corridors upon each story supply hygienic 
conditions of the greatest value. The arrangement of wards and 
rooms provides separately for each department — the charity and the 
pay patient. The private rooms for pay patients, are in the second 



^§tevclann iBliuMtuhd. 



97 




98 Whwland <0Uutfiahd. 

and third stories of the east and west wings. They are furnished 
with taste and elegance, and contain all needful articles and appli- 
ances for the comfort of the sick. Many of the rooms were furnished 
and fitted up by churches and individuals. The Hospital was ori- 
ginally established several years since on Wilson street, and was then 
known as the Wilson Street Hospital. The building it occupied was 
formerly a private residence, and was refitted for hospital purposes. 
In the fall of 1875, the city obtained a lease of the United States 
Marine Hospital from the government for twenty years, and the 
property was turned over by the city to the Cleveland City Hospital 
managers on the same terms. The city as a municipality contributes 
nothing to the support of the institution, which depends wholly on 
voluntary contributions and pay patients. One principal source of 
assistance is by a plan of granting to companies, associations, con- 
gregations and individuals the privilege of keeping a patient in the 
hospital at all times for a stipulated sum. Thus railroad companies, 
churches and individuals, have been, on the payment of $250 annu- 
ally, granted the use of a bed, to which may be sent a patient at any 
time. By this plan quite a large share of the expense of the insti- 
tution is assumed. By these means the hospital has never been 
without the means of sustenance, and not a few worthy persons have 
been aided and provided for in times of distress and need. A good 
portion of the managing is in the hands of ladies, who exercise a 
constant watchfulness over the institution and attend to the minor 
details with untiring solicitude. The lease of the building places 
upon the management the responsibility of caring for the government 
patients in addition to their own. For this the payment is sixty-four 
cents per day each sailor, a sum which is barely sufficient to cover 
the actual expenditure for him. The report for 1875 shows the 
number of patients treated to have been one hundred and seventy 
men and seventy women. Of the whole number, one hundred and 
fifty-two were charity patients, thirty-one paying patients in whole 
or in part, and fifty-seven sailors under treatment of the United 
States surgeon. 



^ieve/md ^SlhiiUwkd. 99 

The Huron Street Hospital (Homeopathic), is situated next 
to the Homeopathic College on Huron street, and is under the exclu- 
sive control of homeopathists. It was established in 1872, the 
property being purchased at that time and the building immediately 
thrown open for occupation, with a capacity for twenty patients. 
During 1875, the number of patients under treatment was one hun- 
dred and forty-five, of whom eighty-four were charity and sixty-one 
pay patients. The number of patients remaining on the first of 
February, 1876, was fourteen. In connection with the Hospital is a 
Free Dispensary, in charge of the Hospital Physician. During the 
year ending February 1, 1S76, the number of patients treated was 
four hundred and eleven ; number of prescriptions, one thousand and 
forty; number of visits made, one hundred and fifty-nine; number of 
obstetric cases, three. The Dispensary is located at No. 99 Prospect 
street, and is open from 10 to 12 a. m. each day except Sundays. 
All worthy persons unable to pay for the services of a physician are 
here treated and supplied with medicines free of charge. The sup- 
port of the Hospital and Dispensary, in addition to what is received 
from pay patients, is obtained by voluntary contributions, proceeds 
of entertainments, and payments by the Homeopathic College and 
one of the railroad companies. The President of the Hospital 
Association is T. P. Handy, and Vice-President, J. H. Wade. 

The Retreat is a reformatory institution, under the care of the 
Women's Christian Association. Its object is to reclaim erring 
women from a life of degradation, by surrounding them with Christ- 
ian influences, and the shelter and protection of a Christian home. 
The present building was opened in November, 1874. It is pleas- 
antly located on St. Clair street, about two miles from the business 
part of the city ; is large and airy, and has been planned with great 
care. No arrangements for convenience or comfort have been omit- 
ted. The broad halls, large sitting and working rooms, the pleasant 
chapel, the hospital for the sick, the neat, small, but well ventilated 
sleeping rooms, designed to accommodate fifty inmates, attest the 
skill of the architect and good judgment of the building committee. 
The site, one hundred and fifty feet front by four hundred feet deep, 



100 



fawiand ^0{luitiaied 



was donated to the association. The Retreat was built by subscrip- 
tion of the citizens of Cleveland, and is sustained by charitable 




THE RETREAT, ST. CLAIR STREET. 

contributions. The family seldom numbers less than twenty-five, 
and the average per month has reached forty. 

The Boarding Home of the Women's Christian Association, 
No. 16 Walnut street, was first opened in November, 1869, and under 
the auspices of the Women's Christian Association held out its 
kindly offer of shelter and protection to deserving young women 
who were dependent upon their own exertions for support. There 
the comforts of a Christian home could be enjoyed, and plain but 
wholesome food furnished at prices suited to their ability to pay. 
Investigation into the condition of the cheap boarding houses of the 
city, had convinced several ladies that they were, for the most part, 
dreary and unattractive, affording no defence to the young and 
unwary against the temptations that lurk at every corner to turn the 
feet from the paths of rectitude. The house and lot were purchased 
and presented to the association by the late Stillman Witt. By the 
generous contributions of the citizens, the building was enlarged to 
accommodate twenty boarders. Before the close of the first year it 
was filled, and many more who needed its advantages were refused 



W/cvefand f^ikiiUukd. 



101 



for want of room. In this exigency, Mr. Witt purchased the adjoin- 
ing lot, and erected the commodious building which stands to-day 
the monument of his large-hearted benevolence. This enlarged 
Home was opened in January, 1873. It will accommodate sixty 
boarders. The rooms are airy and cheerful, furnished with neatness 
and taste through the benefactions of churches and individuals of 
Cleveland. The price of board ranges from $2.50 to $4.50 per week. 
A kind-hearted Christian woman 
occupies the position of matron, 
and so far as is in her power, sup- 
plies the place of mother to those 
who seek her counsel and claim 
her sympathy. A committee of 
ladies have the oversight of its 
management, subject to the direc- 
tion of the Women's Christian 
Association. The necessity which 
prompted its establishment will 
not cease to exist so long as a 
prosperous city calls to its various 
industries the sisters and daughters of more distant homes, and so 
long as changing fortunes compel one and another of the scattered 
households to leave the loving protection of home and friends to 
seek employment in a strange city. It is to meet the yearnings of 
these homeless ones that the boarding home of the Women's Chris- 
tian Association has set an open door, and invites to its friendly and 
Christian protection those who count such advantages as safeguards 
with which a friendless woman does well to surround herself. 

The Young Men's Christian Association building is located 
on the north side of Monumental Park. About the year 1850 a 
flourishing association was organized, which had rooms on Superior 
street, an extensive library and reading room, sent delegates to 
various conventions, and was effective in many ways. It continued 
until the war of 1861, which absorbed every interest, and the young 
men themselves mostly went into the Union army. From such 




WALNUT STREET. 



102 



r ii 



dvwtand %P/!/u6flated. 



associations sprang the germ of the Christian Commission. The 
present organization is less than ten years old. It has, however, 
taken a prominent place among the working associations of America. 




79, NORTH SIDE PUBLIC SQUARE. 

It was the first one to engage in special work for railroad men. The 
main building was bought in 1872, and is free from debt. Its esti- 
mated value is $30,000. It includes a chapel, reading and music 



^Cleveland ^ffktudttated. /OS 

rooms, parlors, and committee rooms, as well as a kitchen for use 
when social receptions are given. In the rear of this building is the 
modest structure known as the Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home. 
The size of the building upon the ground is thirty by fifty feet, and 
it is divided into four rooms. The boys' sleeping apartments, with 
a capacity of twenty-five beds, occupies one-half of the entire build- 
ing, the remainder being subdivided into three rooms, consisting of 
school and reading room, office or superintendent's room, and ward- 
robe and store room. The building was completed and formally 
opened December 22, 1875, with beds for fifteen and furniture for a 
greater number. Night schools and a Sunday school are regularly 
held. The boys are charged a small amount for lodgings each 
week-day night, no charge being made on Sunday. Employment, 
temporary or permanent, is found for them when it is possible. 
Marked results have not been wanting of the fruitfulness of these 
endeavors. A railway reading room, under the auspices of the 
Association, was opened at the Union Depot in 1872, in charge of a 
General Secretary. The railway companies offered every encourage- 
ment ; and so great has been the success of the effort that calls have 
been made from many other railroad centers for advice and co-opera- 
tion in similar endeavors. Railway branches of these associations 
are now permanent facts in New York, Jersey City, Baltimore, 
Altoona, Chicago, Erie, Columbus and many other cities, all of 
which are the direct result of the effort begun by a member of the 
Cleveland Young Men's Christian Association. 

The Women's Christian Association was organized in Novem- 
ber, 1868, and incorporated April, 1869, having for its object the 
spiritual, moral and temporal welfare of women, especially young 
women dependent upon their own exertions for support. The varied 
work of the Association is divided among six committees, each of 
which meets monthly at the Home, and report at the board meeting 
the first Tuesday of each month; these are the Nominating, Mem- 
bership, Publishing, Home, Missionary, and Retreat Committees. A 
paper, the Earnest Worker, issued by the Publishing Committee, is 
the organ of the Association. It is not only self-supporting, but 



1 04 J} X/icuc(Utid imlluiitaUd. 

yields an income of about $600 for the general work of the Associa- 
tion. The work of the Missionary Committee consists of visits to 
the Infirmary, Work-House, Jail, hospitals, etc., and has in charge a 
women's meeting, held weekly in the chapel of the Young Men's 
Christian Association. This meeting is an interesting and important 
one, at which from fifteen to twenty-five poor women gather. The 
time is spent in sewing, devotional exercises, followed by a cup of 
tea with simple refreshments. A missionary is sustained by the 
Association, doing general missionary work. The Home and Retreat 
Committees have charge of those institutions, already noticed. The 
officers of the Association are a president, six vice-presidents, secre- 
tary, treasurer, and sixteen or more directors. These compose the 
board of managers. The annual meeting occurs the first Tuesday 
of November; quarterly meetings in February, May and August. 
The Association Rooms are at the Home, on Walnut street, and 
consist of two large parlors, neatly furnished. All the board and 
committee meetings are held there. The President of the Associa- 
tion is Miss Sarah E. Fitch, and Secretary, Mrs. A. B. Leslie. 

Trinity Church Home, at No. 88 Scovill avenue, was founded 
in 1857 by Mr. Stubbs, who presented to Trinity Parish a building 
on the corner of Brownell and Pine streets, to be used as a refuge 
for the sick and friendless. In 1S58, an organization was incorpor- 
ated and a Home opened and made free to aged and indigent women 
of that and other churches. In 1861, an exchange was effected with 
Philo Scovill for the land on which the present Home is located. A 
matron was appointed, and since that time the Home has been filled 
with deserving inmates. The management is connected with the 
Episcopal Church, but persons from other denominations are admit- 
ted. The expenses are met by voluntary contributions, subscriptions 
and donations. The Board of Managers have a regular subscription 
list and make collections annually. The lady subscribers to this list 
pay $3 per year and give, what they term a "basket," either in 
provisions or an extra donation in money. Other churches make 
contributions also, as some of their members derive benefits there- 
from. The running expenses are from $900 to $1,100 annually. The 



iB/jvwland ^Muiitukd. / 05 

Board of Managers have for several years past been accumulating 
money from various sources to establish a permanent fund, from the 
interest oji which they anticipate in time being able to pay the 
expenses of the institution. 

The Children's Home, of Trinity Church, at No. 90 Scovill 
avenue, was established in 1874, when Mrs. Wm. Bradford purchased 
the property for $5,000, and deeded it to the church, agreeing to 
keep it in repair three years. The house is a frame and is compar- 
atively new. At the opening of the school, it was made free to all 
children, and the quota was soon full. The Home accommodates 
about thirteen children and applications for admittance in excess of 
that number are made weekly but cannot be granted. Those of the 
children who are large enough, are taught to sew and do such work 
as they are capable ©f, while the smaller ones are instructed in the 
alphabet and taught to spell. The expenses are met by donations 
and contributions, collected by the Board of Managers. Many 
contributions are sent to the Home from other sources. Ths cost, 
in money, of carrying on the Home, including the salaries of matron 
and other help, averages about $125 per month. At the expiration 
of three years, it is hoped the Board, by some good fortune, will be 
able to build a large house and extend the privileges, making it a 
permanent institution. 

The Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum, located on 
Woodland avenue, corner of Wilson avenue, occupies a large brick 
building which, with the grounds, surrounding it, is the property of 
the Asylum. The institution has been in existence about twenty- 
three years, during which time it has taken in and cared for many 
hundreds of children who otherwise would have been unprovided 
for. During the year 1875, there was an average of sixty children 
in the household, a large proportion of whom were quite small. The 
building is large and well fitted for the purpose to which it is applied. 
The location is very healthy, as is proved by the comparatively small 
proportion of cases of sickness. The institution is supported mainly 
by the proceeds of the endowments and bequests it has received 



/ 06 6 (e refund <0 thrift a fed. 

from time to time. On the 21st of July, 1876, Mr. Leonard Case 
presented to the trustees a lot worth $25,000. It is in the immediate 
rear of the Retreat property on St. Clair street, and will front on 
Kirtland street, when that street is opened from Superior to St. Clair 
street. It has a frontage of three hundred feet, and is three hundred 
and twenty feet deep, extending back to a line through which another 
street will be laid out at some future day. The location is very 
appropriate, and has the quietude sought, besides being convenient 
to two street railroads. The property on Woodland will sell for 
sufficient to erect a fine building, every way adapted to the wants of 
the institution. During the year 1875, the receipts from all sources 
were $9,313.25, and expenditures for all purposes $7,592.86. In 
addition to the funds received from the investments, donations of 
money and goods are sometimes received and are always acceptable. 
The property is vested in three trustees whose terms of office are for 
three years, one retiring each year. The management of the insti- 
tution rests with a board of fifteen ladies, one third of whom retire 
annually. Boys and girls are received and cared for until they can 
be provided with homes or enabled to care for themselves. When 
of sufficient age, they are educated at the public: schools. The rule 
excludes children under two years of age, but infants are taken and 
cared for outside the Asylum walls, in many cases being adopted 
into families of persons without children of their own. All Protest- 
ant denominations are represented in the management, and no sec- 
tarianism is permitted in its conduct. The President is Mrs. B. 
Rouse and the Secretary Miss Anne Walworth. Mr. A. H. Shunk is 
the Superintendent and Mrs. Shunk the Matron. 

The Jewish Orphan Asylum occupies a large brick building in 
a tract of five and a quarter acres of ground, well improved, on 
Woodland avenue, near Sawtell avenue. The institution dates from 
1868. At a meeting sometime previous of the Order I. O. O. B. for 
the district covering the western and southwestern States, a resolu- 
tion was adopted that each member pay an annual contribution of 
one dollar for the purpose of establishing an Orphan Asylum. In 



imhveian'd ijjjmluillafod. /07 

1868, this fund had reached the sum of $10,000, and a committee 
appointed to locate the proposed Asylum reported in favor of Cleve- 
land. The property at present occupied was purchased, and by 
September of that year was in condition to receive inmates. The 
first year brought seventy-five children, and the number steadily 
increased each year until in 1875 the orphans at the Asylum num- 
bered two hundred. The building has been enlarged and refitted 
until it is now able to accommodate one hundred girls and one hun- 
dred and fifteen boys in separate departments. The total number 
registered is four hundred and six. One hundred and ninety-five 
have left, mostly old enough to work. The children are educated 
in the Asylum until they reach the C Grammar grade, when they are 
sent to the public schools. The girls are taught needle-work and 
house-keeping, and the boys are set to doing chores in the intervals 
of school, and taught some mechanical arts. They are carefully 
drilled for the sake of the discipline thus taught, and are neatly 
uniformed. Abundant amusements are provided, and the children 
are noticeable for their comfortable and cheerful appearance. The 
revenue of the institution is in excess of the expenditures. There is 
a sinking fund from legacies and an annual balance from revenue 
account. The average cost per annum of the orphans is $145. The 
President is A. Aub, of Cincinnati, and the Vice-President A. Wiener, 
of Cleveland. L. Aufrecht is the Superintendent. 

St. Mary's Orphan Asylum for Girls, on Harmon street, 
under the charge of an order of nuns known as the Sacred Heart of 
Mary, was founded about twenty-five years ago, and has since that 
time been kept full. The building is of brick, three stories high, and 
will accommodate one hundred and four children. The average 
number in the institution is one hundred. The Asylum is under the 
supervision of Madame Boucher, who is assisted by twenty-five 
Sisters of the Order. About two and a half hours of each day are 
spent in school, besides which the children are taught needlework, 
both plain and fancy. The ages of the children admitted to this 
institution range from five to sixteen years. When the girls are able 



/ 08 <;6 (c re (a ml '..cjftm ii a fed. 

to sew sufficiently well they arc employed on work taken in, and the 
proceeds are applied to the maintenance of this and a branch orphan 
asylum. From the Asylum the girls generally go out into service, or 
find employment in other ways, with the consent of the authorities 
of the institution. 

St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, on Woodland avenue, is a branch 
of the asylum on Harmon street, and is under similar management. 
Seventy children are here in charge of ten Sisters of the Order of the 
Sacred Heart of Mary. The ages of the children are from two to 
eight years. When they become nine years old they are sent to the 
parent establishment on Harmon street. The children are under 
the care of four teachers, who are always with them and attending 
to their immediate wants. Those of them who are old enough are 
given school instruction three hours each day, and a half hour is 
spent daily in catechism instruction. Two hours each day are spent 
in teaching them to sew and such other work as they are capable. of 
doing. They assist in keeping order about the home. The resources 
of the Asylum are kept up by general collections, fairs, donations, and 
the earnings of the older girls at St. Mary's. 

The Home for the Aged Poor, on Perry street, between Hazen 
and Creighton streets, was established at its present location in 1870. 
The object of the institution is the care of the aged and infirm poor. 
The home is under Catholic management, being conducted by eleven 
members of the Order of the Little Sisters of the Poor, but its benefits 
are not confined to members of that communion, and it draws its 
support from all classes of the community. The capacity of the 
home is seventy inmates. 

The Home of the Good Shepherd, a large three story brick 
building on Sterling avenue, was opened in July, 1875. The Sisters 
of the Good Shepherd, in whose charge the establishment is, had for 
six years previous occupied a smaller building on Lake street. The 
object of the establishment is two-fold — to furnish a home to quite 
young girls who are without homes or friends, and to reclaim fallen 
women. These classes are kept entirely separate. Those desiring 



Wievetand ImllitMiafad. /09 

reformatory treatment, and who willingly enter the House, are placed 
under moral and religious influences as much as possible. The Sis- 
ters will not receive them for less than a year, as they think less than 
that time would be insufficient to bring about any permanent good 
results. There are about seventy inmates, divided almost equally as 
to numbers in the two classes. The institution is under the sole 
charge of sixteen Sisters, of whom Mother Mary of St. Alphonse is 
the lady superior. Five of these are out-door workers, while the 
remaining eleven are cloistered. The out-door workers employ 
their time in soliciting and delivering work, and the others attend to 
all the in-door work of teaching the inmates, both in school lessons 
and ordinary household work of all kinds. They are instructed 
in sewing of all kinds, both by hand and machinery, embroidery, 
and fine sewing. By this means a great portion of their support is 
received. They make work both to order and for general sale. 

The Flower Mission is a charity which commenced operations 
two or three years ago, under the management of one or two 
thoughtful and benevolent ladies. Since that time the interest in 
its work has greatly increased, and a number of ladies actively 
interest themselves in it, whilst contributions come in freely, either 
voluntarily or in response to appeals. The object is to furnish fresh 
flowers to the sick, the infirm, the poor, and those in prison. Hos- 
pitals, prisons, asylums, tenement houses, and poor cottages are alike 
visited whenever it is ascertained that some sick or poor inmates 
would be likely to be cheered in their sickness or distress by the 
sight or perfume of fresh and fragrant flowers. Whilst the furnishing 
of flowers is the primary object, the gifts distributed through the 
agency of this mission are not exclusively confined to, them. Fruits 
pictures, magazines and books are sometimes distributed,'especially 
at Christmas and New Year. 

The Friendly Inns are four in number, three being located on 
the east side of the river and one on the west side. The establish- 
ment of these institutions dates from the women's temperance move- 
ment of 1874. Places in which the women could carry on their 



110 



Vfci'c/and t&Uulitated 



temperance meetings were needed, and so first one room and after- 
ward others were opened; boarding houses attached to them as a 
means of self-support were added, and the Friendly Inns arrived at 
their present proportions. The principal establishment is at Central 
Place, where ample room and excellent accommodations are pro- 
vided. Another is on St. Clair street, and has proved successful. A 




CENTRAL PLACE FRIENDLY INN. 

third is on River street. The West Side Friendly Inn is on Pearl 
street. The plan of these inns is to provide pleasant rooms, well 
supplied with good reading, papers, periodicals and books, which are 
free to all persons who choose to use them, and to furnish good meals 
at low prices, with sleeping accommodations as far as practicable. 
Prayer meetings, Bible classes, temperance meetings, and mothers' 
meetings are held, occupying nearly every evening of the week. The 
ladies connected with the management conduct these meetings, and 
go out into the streets and alleys of the city to invite in the women 



, 6 i'erc (and ^0f(uSUafed. 



Iff 



especially to take part in them. Although but a year or two old 
these institutions have already accomplished a great deal of good. 

The Cleveland Bethel Union, whose operations cover a large 
field of benevolent work, was organized in January, 1867. The 
primary object 
was the care of 
the sailors w h o 
frequent the port, 
and the shielding 
them from t h e 
temptations to 
which, as a class, ^|§ 
they are peculiar- 
ly liable. Com- 
pelled, when on 
shore, to go to 
the public board 
ing houses near 
the harbor, in all 
of which intoxi- ■ 
eating liquors 3 
were sold, they 
were necessarily 

subjected to the most debasing influences, which but few could 
resist, and which more than neutralized all the good attempted to 
be done for them. The same thing was true of a large number of 
single men engaged in various branches of work on land. There 
was absolute need of a Home where these men could find good 
accommodations at moderate rates, and be saved from these tempta- 
tions. Besides this, there was great need of some place where 
temporary shelter and food could be given, in worthy cases, to the 
homeless and friendless. In no way could these wants be met but 
by a Home, and the cheap eating room connected with it. A large 
and systematic mission work was a pressing necessity for the lower 
part of the city; and a commodious hall had to be secured. With 




COR. SUPERIOR AND UNION STS. 



112 1 C" (cveland %?Mu6Uated. 

these as the main objects to be secured, the Society, in 1868, pur- 
chased the property on the corner of Superior and Union streets; 
and the Bethel Home was opened in March, 1869. A few years' 
experience in the management of the Home showed the necessity of 
free bunk lodgings. It was found that many worthy of aid could 
not be accommodated in the Home along with those who were able 
to pay for their board, and the free bunk lodgings, separate from the 
Home, in the north part of the block, were accordingly fitted up. 
It was also found absolutely necessary to provide temporary shelter 
and aid to friendless women and girls, and this necessitated the 
fitting up of rooms in the north part of the block for that purpose. 
Most of those requiring temporary shelter and aid wished to find 
work, and this, with the gross impositions practiced by many of the 
employment offices of the city, made an employment office a neces- 
sity. In addition, it was found that a system of out-door relief, by 
which cases could be reached that could not be relieved by the 
ordinary operations of the relief department of the city government, 
was essential to the fulfilment of the plan with which the organiza- 
tion had charged itself. The Bethel work at the present time is 
divided as follows: The Bethel Home to which is added the cheap 
eating room and the dining room for ladies and business men. This 
department is under the direct supervision of the superintendent 
and matron, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Braggins. It is not only self- 
supporting but pays enough over expenses to make a fair rent for 
the rooms occupied. The annual arrivals at the Home number 
about two thousand five hundred, and the receipts for the year end- 
ing in 1875, were nearly $28,000, the profits on which were about 
$1,650. The Bethel church — undenominational — the Sunday school, 
and the general mission work, are under the charge of Rev. S. Gregg, 
Chaplain, and J. D. Jones, Missionary, with L. Prentiss as Superin- 
tendent of the Sunday school. This work covers the field of the 
ships in harbor, the places where the saiiors are to be found when 
on shore, and the families living in the neighborhood of the docks. 
The Sunday school relief work and the temporary home for friend- 
less women and girls is under the management of the Ladies' Bethel 



Aid Society. In this department clothing is provided for children 
and mothers, and temporary shelter and food furnished women and 
girls in search of situations who have no other place of refuge. The 
general relief work and employment office is under the charge of 
S. Job, whose duty it is to receive the subscriptions and contribu- 
tions of the citizens who keep up this charity, examine into the 
cases of distress reported to him, and if found worthy, relieve their 
necessities, and find employment where possible for those seeking 
it. From $8,000 to $9,000 annually is in this way collected and dis- 
tributed, and many cases of imposture exposed, to the benefit of 
those really deserving relief. 



LAKE COMMERCE. 



W|[[wHE lake commerce of Cleveland at the present time, like 
(^|g<5) that of all the important lake cities, does not bear so large 
<^sWiQ) a proportion to the general business of the city as in the 
period before the railroad traffic had assumed its present formidable 
dimensions. The importance of Cleveland as a lake port dates from 
the completion of the Ohio Canal, in 1832. This brought to market, 
in connection with the lake highway, a rich country, the products of 
which were brought to Cleveland, where they were exchanged for 
salt, fish and merchandise. Two years after the opening of the 
canal the receipts amounted to over half a million bushels of wheat, 
a hundred thousand barrels of flour, a million pounds of butter and 
nearly seventy thousand pounds of cheese, with other articles in 
proportion. The opening of the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, in 
1841, opened communication with Pittsburgh, and added a trade in 
iron, nails and glass, to the other branches of business. In 1844 the 
commerce of Cleveland by lake had reached an aggregate of twenty 
millions for the year. The lake trade went on increasing with great 
rapidity for several years, in spite of the growth of the railroad 



m 



/crciund ^0dluitlaUd. 








CUYAHOGA RIVER. 

interests; but the multiplying of railroads continued until the com- 
petition for traffic became so great that rates by rail were reduced to 
a point at which lake vessels could scarcely carry at a profit. In 
this way the lake commerce of Cleveland, and of all the other lake 
cities, has greatly fallen off from the point reached some years ago. 
The business of the city has also changed much in character, it 
being now more of a manufacturing than produce shipping point. 
In spite of these facts, however, the lake commerce of the city con- 
tinues large and important. The custom house figures, owing to 
recent legislation, do not show the entire commerce of the port, but 
the figures for 1875 are as follows: Total value of entries, coast- 
wise, $13,106,590; value of entries, foreign, $840,797 ; total value of 
entries, $13,947,387. Total value of exports, coastwise, $50,464,462 ; 
value of exports, foreign, $781,869; total value of exports, $51,246,- 
331. Number of vessels entered and cleared from the port of 
Cleveland during the season of 1875 : Entered, 2,916; cleared, 3,028; 



-fe^ 



v lev eland 






uiUated. 



115 



tonnage entered, 1,050,426 ; tonnage cleared, 1,086,377. Number 
of vessels built in the district of Cuyahoga during 1875 : Steam, 8, 
tonnage, 2,392; sail, 7, tonnage, 991. 

The shipbuilding business of Cleveland is large and the reputa- 
tion of Cleveland shipyards stands high along the whole line of 
lakes. Sail vessels of the finest class, propellers, and steam barges 
have been turned out, fully equipped, from this port, in great num- 
bers. Some of the largest sail and steam craft afloat on the lakes 
were built in Cleveland. Many of the Cleveland built sail vessels 
have gone from the lakes down the St. Lawrence to the Atlantic 
ocean, and have found profitable trade along the coast from New 
York down to the lowest ports of South America, whilst others are 
to be found in nearly every European sea, and several have engaged 
in direct trade between ports on the lakes and ports in Europe. 




CUYAHOGA RIVER. 



116 



'hvclartd i<i$Uu&tiaUd. 



THE LIGHTHOUSES. 




'HE lights at the harbor of Cleveland are three in number. 
The main lighthouse is on the hill overlooking the entrance 
to the harbor, on the east side of the river; the eminence 
on which the building stands is sixty-three feet above the level of 

the lake, and 
the tower is 
eighty-seven 
feet high, mak- 
ing the height 
I of the lantern 
above water 
| one hundred 
^_-_I^||j and fifty feet. 
The light is 
three and a 
half magni- 
tude, and can 
be seen at a 
distance of 
eighteen to 
twenty miles. 
The building 
at present used 
was erected in 
1872, on the 
lot originally 




LIGHTHOUSE, ON THE HILL. 



occupied by a much smaller and inferior building. The tower 
is a substantial structure, surmounted with a lantern of the most 
approved construction, the light of which is supplied from the gas 
company's works. The dwelling part of the lighthouse is also a 



M Micvdaiid imthiditated. 117 

substantial structure, divided into two residences containing ten 
rooms each, with a large basement under each division. The house 
is forty feet square. 

The entrance to the harbor is marked by two lighthouses, one 
on each pier. Both of these structures are new. On the west pier 
the lighthouse is about forty feet high, of the most substantial char- 
acter, and carries a strong revolving light, which is visible at a 
distance of fifteen miles. In front of this house is placed the fog- 
bell, with the machinery for ringing it. Reflectors are placed behind 
the bell, for the purpose of throwing the sound in any desired 
direction. The bell is about four feet high, and three feet in diam- 
eter at the base. The lighthouse on the east pier is also a strongly 
built structure. On the west pier, a little further up the river than 
the lighthouse, is the life-saving station established by the govern- 
ment. It is thoroughly equipped. 



THE HARBOR OF REFUGE. 



l^pOR three or four years efforts had been making to obtain gov- 
^§ ernment aid in preliminary surveys to establish the feasibility 
of constructing a harbor of refuge at Cleveland. During the 
existence of the Forty-third Congress the surveys were made, and a 
report from the government engineers favorable to the proposed 
work obtained. The plan originally favored was the construction of 
a large wing breakwater directly off the mouth of the river, enclosing 
a capacious space, with entrances from the east and west. In the 
closing hours of the Forty-third Congress a bill was passed autho- 
rizing the construction of a breakwater at Cleveland. The plan 
finally adopted differed materially from that originally proposed. 
Instead of a wing breakwater off the mouth of the river, an 
enclosed harbor to the west of the existing harbor was decided 



118 'C ! I've (and ^J/zti ft (tied. 

upon. An appropriation of $50,000 for a commencement having 
been made, work was begun at the setting in of the winter of 
1875, and with the opening of the season of 1876 operations were 
vigorously pushed. The western line of the new harbor commences 
on the shore about seven hundred feet west of the western end of 
the old river bed. From that point it is carried out one thousand 
feet into the lake with double rows of piles, the two lines being 
fifteen feet apart, and the intervening space divided into compart- 
ments and filled with stone. From the end of this piling the work 
is to be carried out fourteen hundred feet farther by cribbing, and 
from thence it will turn nearly at right angles and run east, on a line 
parallel with the shore, about four thousand eight hundred feet to a 
point on a line with the west government pier, and nine hundred 
feet from it. An addition of six hundred feet will be made to the 
pier, leaving an entrance way of three hundred feet. The cribs will 
each be fifty feet in length by twenty-two feet in width, and con- 
structed of timber twelve inches square, well secured by bolts. It 
is intended that these cribs shall reach only to the surface of the 
water, while above them, to the height of seven feet, will be built a 
continuous line of works, constructed in the same manner as the 
cribs, of twelve-inch timbers, well secured by drift bolts. They will 
be divided into compartments by timbers, and strengthened, in sim- 
ilar manner to that in the piling. They will then be filled to the top 
with rubble stone, and planked over. Around the entire work, 
outside and inside, there will be placed large stones, of a ton and 
more in weight, to assist in bracing the structure against the heavy 
seas. On the west government pier, extended, will be placed a 
lighthouse, also one on the end of the breakwater proper, by which 
means the entrance can be easily gained under almost any circum- 
stances. The area of the enclosure will be about two hundred and 
forty acres, and the greatest depth of water will be twenty-five feet, 
while at no place will it be less than fourteen feet — sufficient to float 
the largest of lake vessels. A space of about one thousand feet 
from the shore will be devoted to docks and piers, while outside this 
will be anchorage room enough for all the marine of the entire lakes- 



J V/eve/aud imihiiUaivd. 



119 



Should it be necessary, the old river bed can be thrown open, so as 
communicate directly with the harbor, thus allowing vessels to pass 
in or out that way, instead of passing up the river. The cost of the 
entire work, according to the present plan, will be $1,800,000. 



THE COURT-HOUSE AND JAIL. 



S narrated in the opening pages of this work, the first court of 
record in Cleveland was held in a frame building on the north 
side of Superior street, in 1810. In 1812 the first court-house 
and jail was erected on the Public Square, almost in front of the 
present site of the First Presbyterian Church. It was a wooden 
structure, about forty by thirty feet in size, and two stories high, 
cos'tructed of blocks of oak two feet square and three feet in length, 
the ends facing outward and covered with rough clapboards. The 
blocks were placed in that way in order to make a strong wall, and 
at the same time to prevent the prisoners from boring out. The 
timbers were cut from oak butts which grew on the lake shore, along 
the present line of Lake street. 

In 1828 a new court-house -sygjjj 
was built on the upper side of =;^8§i 

the Square, an illustration of : 1 ^ 

which is given on page 20. This . ! I | , |.''t-:. 
took the seat of justice out of ijg 
the old block jail, which, how- 
ever, was used for the safe keep- 
ing of prisoners until about the 
year 1831, when a new stone jail 




COURT-HOUSE — 1 85 8. 



was built just across the way from the then new court-house. It 
fronted on Champlain street, and had room for three prisoners on the 
ground floor and as many above. The rest of the building was used 



1 20 'C/ceefand \&ilutfiaicd. 

by the jailor's family. As soon as this was completed and the 
prisoners transferred to it, the old block jail was torn down. 

In 1S51 a new jail was erected near the northwest corner of the 
Public Square, this remaining until 1875, when it was torn down to 
make room for the new building put up in 1876. A new court-house 
was built in the same neighborhood in 1858, and the old structure 
torn down. The court-house erected in 1858 still stands, and is 
occupied by the courts and county offices so far as its capacity will 
admit. A portion of the court business has to be transacted in rooms 
hired in an adjacent block until the new court-house commenced 
in 1875 is completed. 

The new county buildings consist of a new jail situated on the 
lot west of the present court-house, formerly occupied by the old 
jail; a new sheriff's residence in front of and connected with the 
jail, and a new court-house for the Criminal Court, situated on 
Seneca street, and connected with the jail and sheriff's residence, 
and by an underground passageway with the old court house. 

The jail is in three departments, one for men, one for boys and 
one for females. The men's department occupies a building about 
sixty feet wide and one hundred and thirty feet long, extending 
from the rear of the Rockwell street lot to within thirty-seven 
feet of the Rockwell street line, about forty feet away from the old 
court house. This building consists of a basement nine feet high 
in the clear, and one story above, forty-five feet in height at the eaves 
and sixty feet at the ridge. In the center of this room, and away 
from the outer walls are four tiers of cells; each tier of two rows of 
cells set back to back. There are fifteen cells in each row, making 
thirty in each tier, and one hundred and twenty in all. The upper 
tiers of cells are reached from a balcony six feet in width, supported 
by iron columns, and extending the whole length of each row of the 
three upper tiers. These cells are fitted up now with one bed to 
each, but provision will be made for the addition of another in case 
it may become necessary hereafter to put two prisoners in each cell. 
The walls of this building are of stone, two feet thick their entire 
height, and thicker at the exposed places. The framework of the 



p^t 



.Cleveland wkfu&tafed. 121 

roof is of iron, covered with slate. The windows are heavily barred, 
and every avenue of escape cut off. The gutters, ridge, down-pipes, 
etc., are of iron. The cells of the men's department are nine feet 
long by seven feet wide and eight feet in height, all in the clear. 
The floors and ceiling are of stone, eight inches thick, the partitions 
between the cells are of iron, filled in with concrete or brick to 
deaden the sound ; the fronts of the cells of iron lattice-work. The 
provisions for sanitary purposes, as well as for safety, are perfect. 
Food will be taken up to each tier of cells by means of a steam 
elevator, and distributed to the cells by means of a hand-cart. 
Adjoining this department, on the first floor is a library for the use 
of prisoners, and on the second and third floors a bath room for the 
use of the prisoners. The basement story of the jail will be devoted 
to laundry and storage purposes. 

The boy's department is west of the back part of the men's 
department, twenty feet by twenty-four feet, having four floors with 
four cells to each floor. These cells are six feet by nine and a half 
feet, and seven and a half feet high; constructed, ventilated and 
provided for the same as those of the men's department. On the 
second tier there is a bath-room. 

The female department is in the westerly part of the sheriff's 
residence, having four floors with four cells to each floor. These 
cells are of the same size and similar in every respect to those of the 
men's department. There is a bath-room provided on the second 
floor. 

The Sheriffs residence has a frontage on Rockwell street of about 
ninety feet and toward the east of about thirty-seven feet. It is 
three stories in height above the basement, with an attic story in the 
mansard roof. 

Besides the female department of the jail it contains the jailor's 
office and reception rooms, the various rooms for sheriff and family, 
and a jurors' sleeping apartment, connected with the new court house 
by means of an iron bridge. In the basement there is a general 
kitchen for the preparation of food for the prisoners, a dining room 
for the use of the employes of the establishment, and also coal and 



122 



Hand Vfjl/uiftafed 



store rooms. In a corner of the lot west of the men's department 
and north of the boy's department are the boiler room and a brick 
shaft, inside of which is a cast iron smoke stack. This shaft is to be 
used for ventilating the water closets and some other parts of the 
building. 




NEW COURT-HOUSE, SENECA STREET FRONT. 

The illustration of the new court house shows the Seneca and 
Frankfort street fronts of the building, when completed according to 
the original design. The north and south wings of the court house 
have not been commenced. The north wing will be thirty-four feet 
front and eighty-four feet deep. The south wing will have a front- 
age of forty-nine feet and a depth of eighty-four feet, with a tower 
one hundred and twenty feet high. The center of the building, as 



shown in the illustration, was erected in 1875-6. This has a frontage 
of seventy-five feet on Seneca street, and a depth of ninety-two feet. 

The first floor is about nine feet above the sidewalk, thus obtain- 
ing by the ascent of a few steps, a high well lighted basement story, 
in which will be situated the offices of the Prosecuting Attorney and 
the County Surveyor. The first story, reached by an easy flight of 
iron steps, situated inside the vestibule where they will not be 
exposed to the weather, is divided through the center by a hall 
fourteen feet wide, laid with tile, and finished appropriately with hard 
wood. Opening off this hall towards the north are the rooms of the 
Probate Judge, consisting of a court room in the rear twenty-six by 
fifty-one feet, and an office in front twenty-one by thirty-one feet. 
On the opposite side of the hall are the offices of the Sheriff, consist- 
ing of two rooms twenty-six by twenty one feet and a private office 
fourteen by nineteen feet. At the end of the hall is a wide and com- 
modious stairway of iron to the second story. The hall and stairways 
in the rear are abundantly lighted. On the second story is situated 
the criminal court room, sixty by sixty-eight feet on the floor and 
thirty-five feet in height at the center, handsomely finished with 
stucco arches, cornice and ceiling, and the wainscoting, windows, 
doors, judge bench, gallery, etc., finished in hard wood in an appro- 
piate and substantial style. Back of the court room on the same 
floor are the judge's retiring room and a room for female witnesses, 
also a general water closet. On the floor above these rooms are 
consultation and jury rooms. 

The entire of the three fronts are faced with stone, cut to an 
elaborate design, in the renaissance style. The building shows three 
stories in height above the basement, the first story, the high court- 
room, and a mansard story above this. The cornice and pediment 
in front are supported by heavy columns with elaborately carved 
capitals of the composite order. Above the pediment is a pedestal 
supporting a figure of justice in sandstone. 

The several buildings are constructed in the most substantial 
manner. The floors are of iron and brick. The walls and partitions 
are all of brick, and the roof all of iron and slate. The stairways in 



1 2A \C fcvvi 'and K0'UuUlaUd. 

the court-house and jail are built entirely of iron; also all platforms 
and landings, where necessary to make them perfectly safe. Walter 
Blythe is the architect. 

The court business of Cuyahoga county is transacted in the 
Court of Common Pleas and District Court. The former — on the 
bench of which there are six judges, five for the trial of civil and one 
for criminal and divorce cases — is held five terms in each year, 
which begin respectively on the first Mondays in January, March, 
May, September and November. There are ten months of almost 
continuous session, the only vacation being during the months of 
July and August. The District Court, which is solely an appellate 
court, holds two terms in each year, one in April and the other in 
September. The business of the courts is very large, there being an 
average of more than two thousand cases constantly on the docket. 
During the year ending June 30, 1876, about twenty-two hundred 
cases were disposed of, exclusive of divorce and criminal cases. 
About one hundred and seventy-five divorces are granted each year. 



UNITED STATES BUILDING. 



© 



^flfjW HE United States Building, on the east side of Monumental 
J>6) Park, north of Superior street, was erected about twenty 
years ago. In it are most of the government offices. The 
entire lower floor, with the principal portion of the basement, is 
devoted to the uses of the Post Office. That portion of the next 
floor above which faces the park is occupied by the Custom House 
officials; the rear range of rooms by officers of the courts and other 
government officials; the court-room and its subordinate offices 
being on the upper floor. 

The United States Courts are the Circuit Court, presided 
over by Judge Emmons, and the District Court, of which Hon. 



mivv-tland 'W'llui Hated. 



125 



Martin Welker is Judge. The Clerk is Earl Bill. The offices are 
held, the first two for life or during good behavior, and the last 
during the pleasure of the judges. A very large business is done by 
the courts at this point, especially in admiralty cases arising on the 
lakes. 




POST OFFICE AND CUSTOM HOUSE. 

The Custom House employs a number of officers for the dis- 
charge of regular custom house duty, and for the purpose of taking 
care of the building, which is placed by law in the charge of this 
department. A branch office for the convenience of ship-masters is 
located on the government pier. 

The Pension Agent's office is on the upper floor of the United 
States Building. 

The Post Office employs a force of seventy clerks, three lady 
assistants, thirty-two carriers, and twenty-three postal clerks. Branch 



/ 26 'Cleveland 'WMuifiated. 

- \- 

offices or "stations" are on the West Side and in the eighteenth 
ward, in addition to which there are scattered through the city two 
hundred and seventeen letter-boxes, and boxes are attached to sixteen 
street cars on different lines of road. Five deliveries daily are made 
in the business portions of the city, three as far east as Perry street, 
and two in the remainder of the city, except part of the seventeenth 
and eighteenth wards, where only one delivery daily is made. The 
average number of letters received daily is now thirteen thousand, and 
there are three hundred dead letters sent to the dead letter office 
every week. The statistics of the office for the year 1875 show the 
following facts: Received for stamps, postal cards and envelopes, 
$178,144.07; drawers and box rent, $1,423.00; local postage, $14,- 
973.06; total, $194,549.13. Number of mail letters delivered, 
3,419,404; mail postal cards, 524,904; drop letters, 455,259; drop 
postal cards, 198,800 ; newspapers, 1,485,554 ; total, 6,083,921. 
Number of mail letters collected, 2,362,430; drop letters, 288,700; 
postal cards, 609,031; newspapers, 279,850; total, 3,540,011. 

The following is a report of the registered letter business per- 
formed during 1S75 : Letters mailed at Cleveland, 8,805 ; received 
for delivery, 26,976; received for distribution, 46,943; total of letters 
handled, 82,724. The money order business for the year amounted 
to $1,716,738.40. 

The United States Internal Revenue offices are at the north 
end of Case block, next east of the Government building. 



MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS. 




'HE military companies of Cleveland fully organized under 
the State statute providing for military companies, are six 
in number — five infantry and one artillery. A sixth infantry 
company has been formed, but not yet armed and equipped. The 
law requires forty men under arms for each company, but most, if 
not all, of the city companies exceed this prescribed limit. 



iJulcvcland r s3(lut>Uafad, 1 27. 

The Clkveland Grays is the oldest military organization in the 
city, having been organized on the 28th of August, 1837, under the 
name of the City Guards. The first captain chosen was Timothy 
Ingraham; A. S. Sanford was first lieutenant, and Benjamin Har- 
rington second lieutenant. A constitution and by-laws were adopted 
September 18, 1837. On the 7th of June, 1838, the name was 
changed from City Guards to Cleveland Grays. The company has 
passed through many vicissitudes, but the organization has been kept 
up until the present time. Its drill night is Monday of each week, 
at the armory, fro. 25 Frankfort street. The present officers are: 
Captain, J. N. Frazee ; First Lieutenant, L. D. Leffingwell ; Second 
Lieutenant, J. T. McGinness. 

The Cleveland Light Artillery was organized under the 
State law May 10, 1873, and is fully armed and equipped. Its drill 
nights are the second and last Wednesdays of each month, at the 
armory, No. 25 Frankfort street. The battery is officered as follows : 
Captain, L. Smithnight; First Lieutenant, F. H. Flick; Second 
Lieutenant, J. Hartman ; Surgeon, N, P. Sackrider. 

The Emmett Guards, (named in honor of Robert Emmett,) 
organized October 15, 1873. The drill night is Thursday of each 
week, at the armory, No. 25 Frankfort street. It is officered as 
follows: Captain, M. A. Foran ; First Lieutenant; James Sweeny; 
Second Lieutenant, William Kelly. 

The Cleveland City Guard, a colored company, organized 
January, 1874. The drill nights are Mondays and Thursdays, at its 
armory, No. 178 Superior street. The company is named in honor 
of the city. Its officers are : Captain, James A. Harden ; First 
Lieutenant, Frank Graham; Second Lieutenant, Walter Milligan. 

The Barnett Guards, colored, organized April 12, 1875. The 
drill nights are Mondays and Fridays, at its armory, No. 142 Broad- 
way. The company is named in honor of General James Barnett. 
It is officered as follows: Captain, Henry Brock; First Lieutenant, 
Wm. Johnson ; Second Lieutenant, Henry N. Williams. 

The Veteran Guards, organized in July, 1876, is composed of 
ex-soldiers of the Union army during the war of the rebellion. 



128 'Cleveland ^mllu&tialed. 

Forty-eight veterans signed the roster of the proposed company, and 
elected the following members as officers for the ensuing year: 
Captain, Edward B. Campbell; First Lieutenant, A. F. Bigelow ; 
Second Lieutenant, I). C. Windsor. 

The Brooks School Battalion is an independent military 
company, made up of pupils of the Brooks School. They are uni- 
formed and armed, and have attained a perfection of drill rivaling 
that of veteran companies. 



STREET RAILROADS. 



§TREET-CAR lines run in every direction from the business 
center of the city, and from the termini of some of these, 
steam dummy lines take the passengers still farther. The 
following are the lines now in operation : 

East Cleveland Railway — Prospect Street line, from Bank 
street, through Superior, Euclid, Erie, Prospect, Case, and Euclid 
streets and avenues, to Wilson avenue, and thence continuing on 
Euclid avenue to Lake View Cemetery ; has five miles double track 
and one mile single track: employs one hundred and eighty horses, 
and has twenty-five cars. Office, Euclid Avenue station. 

East Cleveland Railway — Garden Street line, branching from 
main line on Erie street, and thence by Garden street to Wilson 
avenue, with extension to north gate of Woodland Cemetery ; has 
two and three-quarter miles double track, and employs sixty-six 
horses and twelve cars. 

Woodland Avenue Line, from Bank street to the Work-House, 
by way of Superior and Ontario streets and Woodland avenue; has 
seven and a quarter miles double track ; employs one hundred and 
eighty horses and thirty cars. Office, corner Woodland and Wilson 
avenues. This line connects with Cleveland & Newburgh steam 
dummy line for Newburgh, and with Kinsman Street line. 



Kinsman Street Line, from corner of Woodland and Wilson 
avenues, along Kinsman street to Woodland Hills, passing terminus 
of Cleveland & Newburgh steam dummy line; has two miles of 
track, and employs six horses and three cars. Office, corner 
Woodland and Wilson avenues. 

Broadway & Newburgh Line, from Bank street, by way of 
Superior and Ontario streets and Broadway, to Newburgh ; employs 
eighty-seven horses and sixteen cars ; has five and a half miles 
double track. Office, corner Broadway and Petrie avenue. 

West Side and Brooklyn Street Railway — Detroit Street 
line, runs from Superior street by South Water, Detroit, Kentucky, 
and Bridge streets to Rocky River Railroad depot. Brooklyn line, 
runs from Superior through South Water, Detroit, Pearl, and Colum- 
bus streets to Brooklyn; employs one hundred horses and eleven 
cars; has seven miles of track. Office, 131 Detroit street. 

St. Clair Street Line, employs eighty-seven horses and sixteen 
cars; has three miles of double track. Connects at Wilson avenue 
with single track line for Glenville. Office, corner Case avenue and 
St. Clair street. 

Superior Street Line, from Post Office building to Giddings 
avenue; employs forty-seven horses and eleven cars; has four miles 
of double track. Office, corner Madison avenue and Superior street. 
Connects at Becker avenue with steam dummy line for Euclid. 

South Side Railway, from corner of Seneca and Superior 
streets to Jefferson street via Professor and Fairfield streets, and to 
Jerry street by Jennings avenue; employs forty horses and five cars, 
and has two miles of road, part double track. 

Bank Street Railroad, from Superior street to Union Depot. 



180 



■.Si 



'/cvctand ^0lhi6ftaled. 



CLUBS. 




'HE Cleveland Union Club, which was organized in 1872, 
owns and occupies the elegant building shown in our illus- 
/ ^ ?,) tration, which is situated on Euclid avenue, a short distance 
above Monumental Park. The grounds surrounding the house are 
tastefully laid out and shaded by noble trees, and the interior deco- 
rations are rich and elegant. The club numbers over two hundred 




UNION CLUl! HOUSE. 

members, including many of the oldest and wealthiest citizens of 
Cleveland. The capital stock of this association is $120,000. Its 
financial condition is excellent, and in elegance of site and perfection 
of interior arrangements this club house has no superior in the west. 
Hon. William Bingham was the first president of the club, and the 
present officers are Hon. H. B. Payne, President, and Hon. Amos 
Townsend, Vice President. 



WJeveiand \d?Uutf'caUd. 



131 



The Eclectic Club, which was organized in 1875, occupies six 
rooms in the Arlington Block, on Euclid avenue, a short distance 
above Monumental Park. The suite consists of cloak and wash 
room, reception room, parlor, reading room, billiard room and card 
room. These rooms are elegantly finished and appropriately fur- 
nished, every accommodation required for a first class club being 
provided. The members are numerous and include many of the 
most active and prominent of the younger business and professional 
men of the city. The president at the present time is Waldemar Otis. 

The German Casino is a club organization composed of the best 
class of Germans, having a handsomely furnished and fitted suite of 
rooms in the building 144 Ontario street. The Casino has reading 
and card rooms, and during the winter season gives a series of recep- 
tions and dancing parties. The president for the current year is M. 
Hartrath. 

The Epgeworth Club is a social organization, having its rooms 
in the City Hall. 

The Cleveland Club is an association of gentlemen of the 
city interested in improving the breed of horses. Tke members, 
individually, own a number of elegant turn-outs, and two series of 
meetings for testing the speed of fast horses are yearly held on their 
spacious and finely appointed grounds on the St. Clair road, adjoining 
the Northern Ohio Fair grounds. The president is William Edwards. 




ENTRANCE TO N. O. FAIR AND CLEVELAND CLUB GROUNDS. 



132 t (e v eland '..Oiliii tl a fed. 

Several boat clubs have been organized in Cleveland within a 
year or two. 

The Mystic Yacht Club numbers twenty members and owns 
the sloop yacht Mystic. The length of the yacht is thirty-six feet 
eight inches; depth, three feet ten inches; beam, fourteen feet two 
inches. • 

The Qui Vive Yacht Club, organized in 1875, lias twenty-five 
members and owns the sloop yacht Qui Vive. Her length is thirty- 
nine feet ten inches; depth, three feet four inches; beam, fourteen 
feet two inches. 

The Centennial Yacht Club, organized in 1876, numbers 
seven members and owns the sloop yacht Alac Venti. Her length 
is thirty-five feet; depth, three feet nine inches; beam, ten feet. 

The Cleveland Yacht Club, organized in 1876, has eight mem- 
bers and owns two yachts: The Lady Annie, length, twenty-seven 
feet; depth, two feet six inches; beam, ten feet; and the belle, 
length, twenty feet two inches; depth, two feet; beam, nine feet three 
inches. 

Besides these regularly organized boat clubs, there are several 
yachts owned in Cleveland by private owners. Among these are the 
sloop yacht Phantom, length forty-two feet ; depth, three feet six 
inches; beam, fourteen feet three inches; the sloop yacht Fleetwing, 
length, thirty-five feet; depth, three feet; beam, eleven feet nine 
inches; a number of smaller sail yachts; the steam yachts Rosaline 
and Herald, and the small steam yachts \Y. J. Gordon, Water Lily 
and Lulu. 

In addition to these are a number of social clubs, organizations 
for social and benevolent purposes, for mutual aid or for mutual 
improvement, literary and dramatic societies, most of which meet at 
stated intervals or occasionally, in public halls or in private houses. 



' jolevciaml 'ss<liuiUwkd. 



% 



133 



PRIVATE SCHOOLS. 




ESIDES the public schools of the city, which have already- 
been spoken of, there are in Cleveland several private educa- 
tional institutions of high reputation. 
The Brooks School, for boys, although one of the more recent 
institutions of Cleveland, having been founded in 1874, has already 




»IifeA^Be§sM^ii 



^SBf< 




BROOKS SCHOOL. 

become closely identified with all that is highest and best in the 
community in education and culture. The building, situated on 
Sibley street, near the corner of Prospect and Hayward, in the heart 
of the residence portion of the city, is one of the most attractive 
and convenient structures ever erected for school purposes. Built 
in the Anglo-Swiss style, with the beams showing upon the outside, 



vwland .0ijki6UaUd. 

and painted in chocolate and vermilion upon the projecting portions, 
over a ground-work of drab, it presents a unique effect, at once 
striking and agreeable. The building contains a large drill-hall, 
armory, and gymnasium, a complete chemical laboratory, and is 
perfectly ventilated upon a new and original plan. The grounds are 
ample and beautifully kept, in fitting harmony with the building. 
The head-master of the school, Mr. John S. White, a graduate of 
Harvard University of the class of 1870, with the highest classical 
honors, was for three years a master in the Boston Public Latin 
School. Resigning his position in 1873, after a career of signal and 
uninterrupted success, he spent fourteen months in Europe in travel 
and study, visiting meanwhile many of the leading European schools. 
Upon his return he came to Cleveland, at the instance of the many 
friends of the lamented Rev. Frederick Brooks, to carry out the 
latter's unfinished plans for founding a Classical and English school 
of the highest grade. How well the hopes of the most sanguine 
have been realized, is attested by the unprecedented increase in the 
numbers of the school, the universal reputation which the school 
possesses for thoroughness, good discipline and high order of instruc- 
tion in all its departments, and also by the esteem in which it is held 
by instructors in other schools. 

The Clf.vei.and Female Seminary, on Woodland avenue, oppo- 
site Kennard street, is a boarding and day school for young ladies, 
which elates its origin back to 1854. It is now under the presidency 
of Prof. S. N. Sanford, the proprietors being Messrs. Sanford & But- 
tles. The seminary is under the auspices of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church. 

The Cleveland Academy, corner of Huron street and Euclid 
avenue, is devoted to the education of young ladies, and covers the 
whole field from the preparatory to the academic department. The 
institution is for day scholars only. The principal, Miss Guilford, 
has not only held that position from the organization of the present 
academy in 1861, but has been connected with the management of a 
similar school since the year 1848. 



vOhveland i^yllulUatcd. 



135 



MEDICAL COLLEGES. 




'HE Clkveland Medical College, at the corner of St. 
Clair and Erie streets, is the oldest medical college in the 
city, having been in existence nearly forty years. Some of 
the oldest and best known medical men in the city and state have 
been connected with it at one time and another. Its reputation has 




CORNER ST. CLAIR AND ERIE STREETS. 

always stood high. It has a winter session commencing in October 
and a summer session commencing in April. The Dean of Faculty 
is Dr. J. Bennett. The students of this college have the benefits 
of hospital practice in the Cleveland City Hospital. 



136 



' kvHami \ d>//i/4 it a fed 










im'kvetafid ^Ut^ituhd. /$? 

The Homoeopathic Hospital College was organized in 1849, 
and since that time has pursued a very successful career, having sent 
out nearly one thousand graduates. The college building is on 
Prospect street and is conveniently arranged for the purpose. A 
free dispensary is located in the college building, and the Huron 
Street Hospital, of which the college has exclusive charge, is in the 
immediate vicinity. Dr. N. Schneider is Dean of Faculty. 

The Medical Department of the University of Wooster 
was established about thirteen years ago, and during the whole of 
that time has been under the direct management of Prof. Gustav C. 
E. Weber as Dean of Faculty. It has a winter course of lectures, 
beginning in October and continuing until February, with a prelim- 
inary term beginning in September. The college has been very 
successful, its connection with Charity Hospital from the opening of 
that institution having given it great advantages. 



CHURCHES. 




VIEW of Cleveland from any very elevated position reveals 
the existence of so many church edifices that it might prop- 
erly be called a city of churches. Lofty spires meet the eye 
in all directions, whilst the greater number by far of the church 
buildings in the city are undistinguished by such prominent sign of 
their existence. In the earlier pages of this work, we have given 
some account of the origin and early growth of the church organ- 
izations of the city. It now remains to state the present spiritual 
condition of the city as evidenced by the number of churches, and 
to describe the principal buildings now occupied for public worship. 
The total number of recorded organized churches in Cleveland in 
1876 is one hundred and thirty-four. These are classified as follows : 
Roman Catholic, 21; Methodist Episcopal, 20; Protestant Episco- 
pal, 14; Baptist, 11 ; Congregational, 11 ; Presbyterian, 9; Reformed, 



138 \t/crc!and 'WUuiftahd. 

6; Evangelical Association, 6 ; United Evangelical, 3; Evangelical 
Lutheran, 3 ; Hebrew, 3; Christian, 3; Evangelical Protestant, 2; 
Bible Christian, 2 ; Spiritualists, 2 ; United Brethren, 2 ; Universalist, 
2 ; Free Will Baptist, 1 ; Society of Friends, 1 ; Swedenborgian, 1 ; 
Bethel Union, 1 ; Welsh Methodist, 1 ; Wesleyan Methodist, 1 ; Uni- 
ted Presbyterian, 1 ; Christian Mission, 1 ; Detroit Street Mission, 1 ; 
Emanuel Chapel, 1 ; Hungarian Congregation, 1 ; Union S. S. 
Chapel, 1 ; West Cleveland Christian Union, 1 ; Wilson Avenue 
Union Chapel, 1. 

The early history of Trinity Parish and an engraving of the first 
Trinity Church are given in the introductory pages of this work. 
The present church was dedicated on Ascension Day, 1855, and in 
1873 the interior was subjected to extensive refitting and decoration. 
The general style is that of the Early English, although the Superior 
street front partakes more of the elaboration of the Decorated 
Period. The extreme length of the church is one hundred and 
forty feet, and its breadth, including the buttresses, sixty-six feet. 
The buttresses are so massive that wide passageways are pierced 
through them. The tower rises from the rear angle of the building 
and is furnished with a chime of nine bells. The interior is in keep- 
ing with the exterior design, and is well arranged and handsome. 
The nave is one hundred feet by fifty-two feet, and is divided by a 
wide alley along the middle, the side alleys running close to the 
wall. The chancel, which is elevated four steps above the floor of 
the church, is about twenty-five feet square, and opens into the nave 
by a lofty arch. At the other extremity of the church is a well 
arranged organ loft in a recess, flanked by the entrance porches; it 
opens to the nave by three arches, one of which is filled up by the 
handsome tracery of the organ case, which occupies one side of the 
gallery, so as to leave unobscured the elaborately decorated west 
window. The chancel window is a triplet, filled with rich devices, 
and the windows of the nave, six on each side, are of two bays each, 
filled with stained glass. The interior of the church is ornamented 
in polychrome, executed in 1S73. The ceiling of the nave is of 
cobalt blue, divided into panels about eight feet square. The dark 



imlltwland K^M, 



^S3 



139 



wood-work separating the panels is tastefully decorated with gilt 
tracings. The border and frieze at each base of the arched roof 
are exactly copied from the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris. The 
casings of the side windows are beautifully ornamented in rich 
colors. The walls are decorated in harmony with the general plan. 
The chancel is strikingly elegant in all its appointments. The ceil- 
ing is blue, touched with stars. These, and the tracings throughout 
the entire chancel, are of pure gold. The gospel side bears various 




1KINITV CHURCH. 



emblems illustrative of the sufferings of Christ; the most prominent 
of these is a representation of the cross, wreathed with the passion 
flower, and bearing the inscription : "The Lord hath laid on Him the 
iniquities of us all." Upon the epistle side of the church are smybols 
of Christ's triumph and exaltation — a crown surmounting a staff 
wreathed with palm leaves, with the inscription : " Wherefore God 
hath highly exalted Him." Above these on either side are other 
appropriate symbols. Over the chancel arch facing the nave is 
emblazoned the Trinity emblem. On either side of the chancel or 



no 



-'i 



'(.'I'tfuilti 



'^'' 



'inflated. 



Ascension window are tablets on which are inscribed in gold the 
commands of the decalogue. The altar is of white and colored 
marble. The front of the altar is elaborately sculptured with designs 
emblematic of the Lord's Supper; upon the super-altar are embla- 
zoned the words, "Holy! Holy! Holy!" The altar-rail is of 
hammered brass. The font, of pure white marble, massive in size 
but simple in design, was presented to the parish by S. L. Mather as 
a memorial font. The six chandeliers are of coronal form, with red 
and blue as the predominating colors. The whole appearance of 
the interior is strictly ecclesiastical. In the same lot with the church 
are the guild rooms, school rooms and parsonage. 

St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church was organized in 
the year 1846, the first pastor being Rev. Dr. Perry. The congre- 
gation for some time worshiped in an upper hall over the corner of 
Superior and Seneca streets, which had formerly been occupied by 
Grace Church society. In the meantime a handsome church edifice 
was erected at the corner of Euclid avenue and Sheriff street. When 
nearly finished it was set on fire by some reckless youths and burned 

to the ground. No time was lost in 
erecting another building on the same 
site, and the congregation took/posses- 
sion of it immediately on its completion 
and worshiped in it until it was sold and 
torn down in 1874 to make room for a 
business block. During the erection of 
the chapel of their new church at the 
corner of Euclid and Case avenues, the 
congregation worshiped in a temporary 
building on Prospect street. The lot 
now occupied by the new church and 
chapel is two hundred by one hundred 
and eighteen feet, fronting on Euclid ave- 
nue. The edifice is a combination of the 
Early English and Norman Gothic styles. 
st Paul's 18^6 ^' le extreme length, exterior measure- 




/TW 






m 




ST. PAUL S CHURCH. 

ment, is one hundred and sixty-two feet; the church proper is sev- 
enty-two feet wide and the transept eighty-eight feet; the chancel is 
thirty by thirty-two feet; the vestry eighteen and one-half by fifteen 
and three-fourths feet, and the organ loft eighteen by sixteen feet. 
Adjoining the main structure, on the east side, is the chapel, seventy- 
six feet long and thirty-two feet wide, outside measurement. This 
occupies nearly the entire frontage, while the space in the rear is occu- 
pied by a rectory, about forty by fifty feet, fronting on Case avenue. 
The outer walls of the main structure are on the immediate edge of the 
lot, with steps ascending in front from the pavement. On the north- 



1 42 tlvvdand ^0//u6fcafcd. 

west corner of the main structure is a square tower one hundred and 
twenty feet in height above the floor level and surmounted by four 
stone turrets. The material throughout is of the most durable and 
superior quality. The main walls are constructed entirely of sand- 
stone from the Amherst quarries, with the facings left rough, giving 
what is known as a "rock-faced front." The door and window 
casings are of sandstone from the same quarries, elaborately carved, 
and dressed in the finest style. The roof is supported by ten iron 
columns with capitals, and grained with frescoed panels. The inside 
woodwork of the roof is of pine and white walnut, and on the outside 
a covering of slate, in two colors. The windows are of the most 
superb style and beautiful designs. All the interior work is of pine 
and white walnut, and finished in the highest order of workmanship. 
The First Methodist Episcopal Church, whose building 
stands at the corner of Euclid avenue and Erie street, is the oldest 
Methodist organization in the city and the third religious organiza- 
tion in point of date in Cleveland. The first Methodist class in the 
city was formed in 1827, the members being nine in number and the 
leader being Elijah Peate. Previous to that time there was occa- 
sional preaching by traveling ministers. Until 1834, Cleveland was 
a part of a large circuit embracing most of northern Ohio, which 
gave preaching only at long intervals. In that year the city was 
made a station or regular charge. In 1839, a disagreement arose in 
the church and about half the members seceded For a long time, 
or until 1841, the members of the church worshiped in halls, school- 
houses, and the old log court-house, when the church corner St. Clair 
and Wood streets was built, and in 1S57 remodeled and improved. 
In 1869, the chapel on Erie street, corner Euclid avenue, was built, 
and used till December, 1874, when the present edifice was dedi- 
cated, which, with the chapel, is the finest Methodist Episcopal 
church in northern Ohio. Our illustration shows the structure in its 
present condition. The material is Sandusky limestone, which is 
very durable and gives the building a remarkably solid appearance. 
The dimensions of the main building are seventy-six feet front on 
Euclid avenue by one hundred and seventeen feet on Erie street. 



Cleveland c WUutfiaUd. 



ns 



It connects in the rear with the chapel — fronting on Erie — which is 
forty-seven by seventy-five feet, giving a total frontage on Erie street 
of one hundred and sixty-four feet. The tower, on the northwest 
corner, is twenty feet square, and is now ninety-six feet high from 
the ground. The spire, when erected, will extend fifty feet above 
the tower, making the total height one hundred and forty-six feet. 
There are four entrances — two single and two double doors — giving 
an aggregate width of doorway of twenty-five feet. The vestibule 




FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

is twelve and a half feet wide, and extends across the entire front of 
the church. The audience room is ninety-seven feet in length by 
sixty-four in width. The side walls are thirty-two feet eight inches 
high, and from the floor to the apex of the ceiling the height is fifty- 
five feet. There are two additional entrances from without at the 
rear of the building, one from Erie street and one from the opposite 
side. Two doors also connect with the chapel. There are on each 
side seven windows, twenty-two feet high, of stained glass, having the 



/44 Wllevtlaiul r xJ((utflated 

cathedral tint, and exceedingly rich in appearance. The glass was 
made especially to order, in Munich. In the front of the building 
is an immense rosette window, eighteen feet in diameter, the beauty 
of which is a marked feature of the external view from Euclid ave- 
nue. The superb organ, at the rear end, strikes the eye first upon 
entering. In front of this is the place for the choir, then the pulpit, 
the platform and the altar, the latter enclosed by a massive railing. 
The furniture, including the seats, is all of the finest walnut, richly 
finished. The seating is on the elliptical plan, the advantage of which 
is that every person sits squarely facing the speaker. The entire 
seating capacity, including the gallery, is nearly fifteen hundred. 
The galleries extend around the sides and the front end of the build- 
ing. Access to them is provided by four stairways, two at each end 
of the building. They are supported by thirteen iron columns, and 
are securely bound to the walls. At the front, over the vestibule, is 
a recess thirteen by thirty-five feet in size. Immediately beneath the 
great rosette window is a beautiful representation of a cross, encir- 
cled with a cloud, and with the inscription, "In Hoc Signo Vinces." 
Upon either side of this is a panel in the form of a tablet, upon one 
of which is the Apostle's Creed, and upon the other the Ten Command- 
ments. The walls and ceiling are very tastefully and appropriately 
frescoed. The ceiling is divided into eight panels on each side, 
separated by massive iron ribs, neatly ornamented. The arrange- 
ments for lighting and ventilating are of the most perfect character, 
and in this respect nothing was left to be desired. The organ is 
noticeably fine. The case is of solid black walnut, with front pipes 
richly decorated in silver and gold. The design is of Gothic arch- 
itecture. There are three manuals, or keyboards, and a pedal of two 
and a half octaves, thirty notes, and thirty-nine stops. The chapel 
on Erie street is used for Sunday-schools and lectures. Under it 
are the parlors, class-rooms, and pastor's study, and in the basement 
are the dining-room and kitchen. 

The First Presbyterian Church, Monumental Park, northwest 
corner of Ontario street, occupies the site of the first Presbyterian 
church erected in Cleveland, which was dedicated in the year 1834, 



hwlatid 



\,<^) I Initialed. 



145 



and was familiarly known as the u Stone Church," being then the only 
church of that material in the city. This name is still the popular 
designation of the present structure, though our city now boasts of 
many others quite as well entitled to the appellation. The original 
church, becoming unequal to the wants of the increasing congrega- 
tion, was torn down and a larger one erected in the years 1854-5, 
covering the entire lot of which its predecessor only occupied a part. 
The dedication was on the 12th of August, 1855. On the 6th of 
March, 1858, a fire consumed the building, leaving, however, the 
walls standing. The work of rebuild- 
ing commenced immediately, the old 
walls being retained. A few unim- 
portant changes were made in the 
interior in reconstructing, among 
which were the non-use of pillars 
to support the roof, and the omis- 
sion of side galleries. The revived 
building was dedicated January 3, 
1858. But a few years elapsed 
before the further increase of con- 
gregation required further enlarge- stone church 1034. 
ment, and side galleries were added. Still later, the accommoda- 
tions for Sunday-schools and week-day meetings of the church and 
its various societies proved insufficient, and additional land fronting 
on Ontario street was purchased, and the lecture-room, parlors, and 
pastor's study were reconstructed and enlarged. The architecture 
has some of the characteristics of the Late Norman and Early English 
periods. The walls are supported with heavy buttresses, the doors and 
windows are round-headed, and the windows are each of two lights 
with an open quatrefoil in the head. The light spaces are filled with 
stained glass. There are two towers. The main tower, at the Onta- 
rio street corner, in which is a heavy bell, terminates in a spire the 
point of which is two hundred and fifteen feet above the pavement. 
The lighter tower, on the opposite corner facing the park, terminates 
in a pointed quadrangular roof. The interior of the church is 
1 




146 



'.•land 



uitcahd 



divided into three aisles. The ceiling of the main aisle is a groined 
arch. The side aisles have each a semi-arched ceiling, also groined. 

The ceilings and 
walls are neatly 
frescoed, the pre- 
vailing color being 
a neutral tint. The 
pulpit forms an oval. 
The arched recess 
at the back is fres- 
coed with four 
round-headed 
arches, above which 
is a band from which 
are carried lines 
meeting in a circu- 
jjL, lar false opening, 
through which flut- 
ters a dove. At the 
sides of the pulpit 
are massive cande- 
labra with black 
walnut pedestals. 
The main body of 
the church is light- 
ed by eight small 
pendent chande- 
stone church. liers, four on each 

side. There are two side galleries, and an organ loft at the entrance 
end of the church. The lecture-room of the chapel can be entered 
from the street, and two doors also give communication with the 
church. The room is hung with pictures and carpeted. Besides its 
use as a lecture-room it serves as a Sunday-school room for the 
infant department. In the rear is the pastor's study, with an entrance 
also from the park by a side alley, and the kitchen. The upper 




imiewlattd 



htiilafad. 



U7 



floor is occupied by Sunday-school rooms, class-rooms, and library. 
The walls are covered with passages from Scripture, beautifully 
emblazoned. The seating capacity of the chuch is twelve hundred. 
The organization of the First Baptist Church dates back to 
1833. There had been some meetings for regular worship in the 
years immediately preceding this, but the numbers of the denomi- 
nation were not sufficient for organization. The congregation 
commenced with twenty-seven members and soon that number was 
considerably increased. A Sunday school was started and flourished. 
In 1.835 the propriety of having a building for worship was canvassed, 
with the result of commencing the erection of a church on the cor- 
ner of Seneca and Champlain streets; the building was completed 
in 1836, and opened for worship with a dedicatory sermon by Rev. 
Elisha Tucker, of Buffalo, who shortly after became the pastor. A 
steeple was added to the church, being the first that had been erected 
in Cleveland, and therefore the source of much pride on the part of 
the member?. In the course of years 
it' was found that the location of the 
church had not been judiciously chosen, 
and the Congregational society being 
willing to dispose of their church, on 
the corner of Euclid avenue and Erie 
street, it was determined to purchase it. 
The transfer to the new building was 
made in the spring of 1855, and the 
society have remained in that location 
from that time. Several changes and 
improvements have been made in the 
building since its occupancy by the 
society. A fine steeple has been added first baptist church— 1835. 
and the interior thoroughly remodeled and redecorated. As it now 
stands it is, though one of the first of the fine churches of the city, 
not behind the newer buildings in convenience and tasteful and 
appropriate decoration. The general style of the architecture is 
the Late Norman, the round arch being used, and the windows, 




^A* 



1 48 t lev viand Kmlu&U a fed. 



• 



five on each side, being double, enclosed in a greater arch. The 
front also shows distinctly the Later Norman style ; the tower over 
the center front is surmounted by a spire, the total height being 
two hundred and five feet. The principal door opens into a large 
vestibule, which passed, the body of the church is reached. This is 



FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. 

divided into three aisles. The ceilings are arched and frescoed in 
tasteful and harmonious colors. The whole of the interior fittings 
of the church are of black walnut upholstered with green rep. There 



'Cleveland ^-UuiilaUd. 1 49 

are no side galleries, but an organ gallery projects slightly from the 
entrance end. The organ, a fine instrument, is cased in black wal- 
nut and the pipes picked out in gold. The pulpit platform, of black 
walnut, is handsomely ornamented, and the walls and ceiling at that 
end of the church elegantly frescoed. The pulpit forms an oval, 
having at its back folding doors, which when thrown open and the 
floor of a part of the pulpit platform lifted reveal a large baptistry, 
well constructed and arranged, and provided with facilities for 
warming the water. The peculiar arrangement of the seats deserves 
notice. The seats and backs are cushioned with green rep, and the 
lower part of the sides closed in with cane frames. These are 
hinged and have drop supports, so that in case of a crowd they can 
be turned up to furnish a double row of extra seats in each aisle. 
The church is lighted by three large chandeliers pendent from the 
ceiling and by two candelabra of seven lights each at the pulpit. 
Stairs at the front and rear lead down into the basement, which also 
has direct communication with the street. Here are the school and 
class rooms, divided by folding glass doors. In one of the apart- 
ments is a fountain. The walls are decorated with appropriate 
mottoes. The seating capacity of the church is one thousand. 

The Second Baptist Church Society dates its organization 
from 185 1. In that year a few members of the First Baptist Church 
obtained letters of dismissal for the purpose of establishing a mission 
in another part of the city. The building at the corner of Erie and 
Ohio streets was purchased from the Second Presbyterian society, 
and the church organized with Rev. J. Hyatt Smith as pastor. In 
1867 it had grown so large that from it was formed the First German 
Baptist Church and the Tabernacle Baptist Church. In 1868 the 
old church was sold to the German Evangelical society, and ground 
broken for a new church at the corner of Euclid avenue and Hunt- 
ington street. The new church was opened for worship on the fifth 
of March, 187 1. It is generally conceded to be one of the finest 
ecclesiastical buildings in the city. Its style is the modernized Ro- 
manesque. The exterior dimensions of the church and chapel are 
one hundred and fifty-five feet by sixty-four feet. The tower is 



150 



,• 



fcrcauiu ^izUii&ttaUd 



twenty feet square at the base, and the height to the point of the 
lightning rod on the spire is two hundred and thirty-six feet. The 
front of the building on Euclid avenue and the side on Huntington 
street are of sandstone; the west side of the church and chapel is of 




SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH. 



red brick with sandstone trimmings. The spire is of wood with slate 
covering. Six stained glass windows are on each side of the main 



tee eland 'Wlluiiiakd. 151 



"<r 



building. The interior of the church is eighty-seven feet by fifty-four 
feet clear of alcoves and vestibules, and will seat eight hundred per- 
sons. The seats and wainscotings are of black walnut, as also is 
the chancel furniture. The organ and choir gallery measures seven- 
teen by fifty-four feet. The front, of heavy paneled and molded 
black walnut, extends across the room and is supported by molded 
brackets. The front of the pulpit platform is also of paneled walnut. 
The baptistry is sunk below the platform, is lined with heavy lead, 
and fitted with patent heaters. The side walls of the auditorium 
are thirty-two feet high. The ceiling is arched, finished with open 
timber, cut and molded hammer beams, resting on stone corbies, 
molded rafters, purlines, and paneled moldings. Connected with 
these are neatly carved wood pendants, all made from clear Norway 
pine, in oil and varnish finish. The alcove over the baptistry and 
the two side arches have double columns, molded labels, and plaster 
caps. The organ, a fine instrument, has two manuals and a pedal 
of two octaves and two notes. The great manual has six hundred 
and eighty-four notes and the swell manual four hundred and six 
pipes. The pedal has an open diapason of twenty-seven pipes and 
a bourdon of twenty-seven pipes, making the whole mechanism of 
the organ one thousand one hundred and forty-four pipes. It is 
twelve feet wide, eight feet deep, and eighteen feet high. Next in 
rear of the auditorium are the pastor's study, dressing rooms, and 
the hall passing across in rear of the baptistry. There is a separate 
and private entrance from each dressing room to the baptistry, pro- 
vided with screen doors on the platform to be used during the time 
of immersion, and there is also a private exit from each dressing 
room through the chapel to the street. From the church, directly at 
the end of each side aisle, entrance is made through two doors into 
the pastor's study and the dressing rooms, and from these into the 
chapel and ladies' parlors. The main entrance to the chapel and 
study is from Huntington street into a large hall, with two flights of 
stairs on each side, leading to the main and infants' school rooms, 
Bible-class rooms, and the school library. The chapel can also be 
entered from Euclid avenue. The chapel is thirty-five by thirty-six 



152 ' £ fv refund '0lluittaied. 

feet, and is connected with the parlors by double doors. The infants' 
school room overhangs the main school room as a gallery. Sliding 
glass doors close it in when used as a class room and open it to 
communication with the main room during the general exercises. 

Plymouth Church (Congregational), was organized in 1850 as 
the Third Presbyterian Church, on an independent basis. In 1853 
its church polity was changed from the Presbyterian to the Congre- 
gational, and the name of Plymouth Church adopted. For the first 
three years of its existence the congregation worshiped in the old 
round building then standing on Wood street and known as the 
Tabernacle. Subsequently the building at the corner of Euclid 
avenue and Erie street, now occupied by the First Baptist Church, 
was erected and occupied. After that building was sold to the Bap- 
tists, the congregation met in the Wesleyan Chapel, and in 1857 
purchased the Prospect street church, between Sheriff street and 
Erie street. This was also sold and the society now occupy their 
new chapel on a lot at the corner of Euclid avenue and Perry street. 
It is designed to erect a handsome church on the lot. 

St. Joseph's Church (Roman Catholic), at the corner of Wood- 
land avenue and Chapel street, was built for a parish organized under 
the charge of a party of monks of the order of St. Francis. The 
church has a frontage of ninety feet on Woodland avenue and runs 
on Chapel street to a depth of one hundred and sixty feet, to which 
are added the sacristy, entrance portal, and school house, making a 
total depth of two hundred feet. The front contains three entrances, 
the main entrance being in the form of a porch, supported on two 
columns with elaborately carved capitals. Each doorway is sur- 
mounted with a head carved in stone, and on the pedestals above the 
entrance arches will be placed statues of saints and fathers of the 
church. The tower, which occupies the center of the front, has been 
brought to the height of ninety feet. When completed, it will be 
surmounted by a spire. The tower contains a fine central window, 
which forms a good background for statuary. On the Chapel st reet 
side and on the front corner is the baptistry, which is apsidal in form 
and is pierced by three windows, emblematic of the Trinity. Above 



-Mr 



', (Cfci'caind ':0UuiUafed. 



153 




ST. JOSEPH S CHURCH. 



154 ' C h i<il and sJtUu* ti a fed 

is a niche which will contain a statue of John the Baptist. The rear 
of the church is flanked by a small bell-tower, beyond which is the 
sacristy, entrance porch, and school, all in architectural keeping 
with the church. Appropriate statues will be placed in the niches 
on the fronts of these buildings. Internally the church is divided 
into nave and aisles by clustering stone columns from which spring 
arches supporting the clerestory. The main entrance leads into a 
vestibule, the ceiling of which is vaulted and borne by four semi- 
detached colums with carved capitals. On each side is a marble 
water basin handsomely carved. To the left of the entrance is the 
baptistry, separated from the church by three pointed arches resting 
on stone columns with carved capitals. The ceiling is groined, the ribs 
meeting in the center and the point of intersection being ornamented 
with the carved figure of a dove. The organ gallery is over the main 
entrance and contains a fine instrument. The nave columns are 
finished with foliaged capitals from which spring vaulting ribs. The 
ceiling of the nave is sixty feet in height and of the side aisles thirty 
feet. The nave is lighted with ten stained glass windows, under 
which are niches for the reception of statuary. The side aisles are 
lighted with five stained glass windows in each. The chancel is 
apsidal in form, containing five stained glass windows at a height of 
thirty feet above the floor. The floor is tiled. The walls and ceiling 
are decorated in polychrome. The chancel fittings are of solid 
oak, elaborately carved. When completed the church will have 
numerous statues outside and inside and all the woodwork will be 
decorated with elaborate carvings, the work of the monks connected 
with the church. 

The Franciscan Convent, at the corner of Chapel and Hazen 
streets, is the home of the monks having charge of St. Joseph's 
Church. It is a brick building of three stories with a chapel attached, 
was erected in i S67, and accommodates six priests and ten laymen. 



kveiand imiiuiUukd. 155 



NEWSPAPERS. 

WjlpwHE prosperity of a town or city is mirrored in its newspapers. 
(L^ftQ) If the place is flourishing, it will have good newspapers. If 
dmH4Q) t h e newspapers are few and sickly, the presumption is strong 
that the place is making little progress and is deficient in enterprise. 
Judged by its journals, Cleveland has always been active, enterpris- 
ing, and wide-awake. It cannot be said that in this respect a false 
impression has been given. The fifty-eight years that have passed 
since the first newspaper was issued in Cleveland, have witnessed an 
astonishing growth in the population and material prosperity of the 
city, and a corresponding development in the character and influence 
of its press. The first paper issued in Cleveland was the Cleveland 
Gazette and Commercial Register, a weekly sheet, so far as the promise 
of its first number was concerned, but in reality issued at irregular 
intervals depending on the opportunity for procuring paper and ink. 
From that little beginning the press of Cleveland has grown and 
spread until at the present time the list of Cleveland papers includes 
a number of dailies, tri-weeklies, and weeklies, printed in English, 
German, and Bohemian. 

The Cleveland Herald is the oldest newspaper in the city. It 
was started as a weekly in 1819, the publishers being Z. Willes & 
Co. In the summer of 1836 the Daily Gazette was issued. On the 
22d of March, 1837, its owner, Mr. Whittlesey, united it with the 
Herald, and the new daily was published under the name of the 
Daily Herald and Gazette, the proprietors being Whittlesey & Hull. 
Mr. Hull gave place in a few days to J. A. Harris, and in course of 
time Mr. Whittlesey retired and the name of' Gazette was dropped. 
Subsequently Mr. Harris admitted to partnership with him A. W. 
Fairbanks, and afterward George A. Benedict. Eventually he retired 
from the firm, leaving Messrs. Fairbanks and Benedict in the propri- 
etorship. Since that time the style of the firm has been Fairbanks, 
Benedict & Co. Mr. Benedict died in the early summer of 1876, 



156 



&fa 



J 6 kmland '..cjtftn-iitaied. 



but no change has yet been made in the style of the firm. Mr. 

Fairbanks, the present head of the establishment, became one of its 

proprietors in 1850. From that 
year the growth of the city has 
been almost marvellous, and the 
progress of the Herald has kept 
!» pace with it. In that year the 
Herald was without a press of its 



! S j SK' '>"•", being printed on a press be- 
longing to M. C. Younglove, that 
>eing the only steam press in the 
ity. Land was at once purchased 
•n Bank street, and what is now 
he front of the present Herald 




IT IT' 

m 

rrr 
m 



PFTOiiEBag: 





ff building erected. The entire book 
land job office of Mr. Younglove 
_^ l! ' ^''ii-~iV i - was purchased, a Hoe cylinder 
^^n^f^^^sr- press obtained, and the establish- 
I S PS • ment placed on a good working 

130 and 132 hank strkkt. footing. The building was much 
too large for the immediate wants of the establishment, even with 
these improvements, and it contained in addition a library, post office 
and news stand, besides rooms let for offices. One after another of 
these had to retire to make room for the increasing demands of the 
newspaper, until the entire building was occupied by the establish- 
ment and the building itself was doubled in size. The old single 
cylinder press had several successors, the last being the four cylinder 
Hoe press upon which the daily is now printed, and which is capable 
of running off ten thousand copies per hour. The Daily Herald is 
issued morning and evening, there being three regular editions of the 
afternoon issue. A tri-weekly edition is also issued, and a weekly. 
All these several editions have large circulation. The job printing 
establishment connected with the paper is one of the largest and best 
appointed in the west, having thirteen printing presses and every 
appliance for turning out first class work, including a completely 



sf&iemfand *§wMu&Uakd. /S7 

fitted electrotype foundry. A thoroughly appointed bindery is also 
connected with the establishment, ranking among the best in the 
state. The politics of the Herald were Whig until the demise of that 
party. It was the first paper in the Union to hoist the name of 
Fremont, before his nomination by the first Republican national 
convention, and since that time has always been an advocate of 
Republican principles. 

The Cleveland Leader had its birth in the union of two papers 
the True Democrat, an anti-slavery paper started in 1846 by Brad- 
burn & Vaughan, and the Forest City, a "Silver Gray Whig" paper 
started in the spring of 1852 by Joseph Medill, now of the Chicago 
Tribune. After many vicissitudes, the two papers were combined in 
October, 1853, with the name of Forest City Democrat. Mr. Medill 
associated with him in the publication of the paper Edwin Cowles, 
who was then carrying on business as job printer. In the following 
March the cumbersome title of the paper was dropped and that of 
the Cleveland Leader adopted. In 1855 Messrs. Medill and Vaughan 
removed to Chicago, leaving Mr. Cowles in possession of the Leader. 
He remained sole proprietor until 1867, when the establishment was 
converted into a stock concern with Mr. Cowles as president of the 
company. In that capacity he has from that time exercised domin- 
ant control over the editorial and business management of the paper 
besides giving his personal attention to the mechanical affairs of the 
establishment. To his indefatigable energy and unwearied labors, 
the Leader owes its success. The financial history of the paper was 
for many years a story of disheartening difficulties, but perseverance 
and ability told in the end, and the Leader eventually placed itself 
among the profitable as well as influential papers of the city. It now 
issues a morning edition, a cheap evening edition under the title of 
the Evening News, a tri-weekly edition, and a weekly edition, all 
having extensive circulation. The politics of the Leader are Repub- 
lican, and the radical impress given it in its origin remains its char- 
acteristic. A well-appointed job office is connected with the paper. 
The Cleveland Plain Dealer is the successor of the Cleveland 
Daily Advertiser, a Democratic paper published about the year 1840 



/ 58 C /cv eland .plluitl cited. 

by Canfield & Spencer. The late J. W. Gray was an occasional 
contributor to this paper while teaching school in the neighborhood, 
and found no difficulty in acquiring possession of it in 1842, when 
he determined to abandon the school room for the editorial sanctum. 
His first step was to change its name to the Plain Dealer and its 
issue from daily to weekly. Its spicy style and aggressive party 
character soon gained it a reputation, and after three years' publica- 
tion as a weekly sufficient inducement was obtained to resume its 
daily issue. It is claimed for Mr. Gray that he was the first in the 
city to add a department of local news to the daily features of the 
papers. The Plain Dealers first local column made its appearance 
in 1850. Among those who have had charge of that department 
were W. E. McLaren, now Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Illinois; 
Charles F. Browne, better known to the world at large as "Artemus 
Ward," and A. M. Griswold, "The Fat Contributor." The "Artemus 
Ward " papers first made their appearance in the Plain Dealer, and 
the best writings of Mr. Browne were those contributed to that paper. 
On the death of Mr. Gray in 1862, the paper was continued for a 
time in the interest of the estate, but its business decreased so much 
that the paper was suspended. After a few weeks the material was 
purchased by Hon. W. W. Armstrong, and the Plain Dealer again 
issued. At different times Mr. Armstrong had associated with him 
as partners Mr. Morgan and Hon. F. W. Green. Both of these retired 
and Mr. Armstrong is now sole proprietor. The Plain Dealer has 
been well conducted and prosperous under the present proprietor- 
ship. It is an evening daily, and has a tri-weekly and a weekly 
edition. The circulation of the different editions is large, it having 
the English-speaking Democratic field in this part of the state all to 
itself. 

There are three German evening papers. The W.kchter am 
Erik, now published by the Waechter am Erie Publishing Company, 
has been in existence as a weekly for a number of years and for 
several years has also been published as a daily. During the whole 
time it has been under the chief editorial management of August 
Thieme. In politics it is independent. The Cleveland Anzeiger, 



Wlevcla/id Tci ■(Initiated. /5</ 

\^' no 01 * 

published daily and weekly by Bohm, Kraus & Co., has been in 
existence as a daily for about three years. Its politics are Republican. 
The Cleveland Columbia, which had for some time been published 
as a weekly, was made a daily also in 1876. It is Democratic in 
politics. 

Four regular Sunday papers are issued in the city, and have a 
large sale both on the streets and to subscribers. The oldest 
of these is the Sunday Morning Voice, published by W. S. 
Robison. This was started in October, 187 1, and had a good 
success from the start. It is independent in politics. Connected 
with the Sunday Morning Voice establishment is the extensive 
printing office and bindery of Robison, Savage & Co., on Frank- 
fort street, well supplied with all the materials for doing first-class 
work, and which does a large business. The Sunday Times is 
published by Robert Schilling, having been started by him in 
1875. It 'claims to be an organ of the workingman's interests. 
Not long after the appearance of this paper the Sunday Post 
was* established by an association of journalists and has become 
successful. The fourth is the Times. All these Sunday papers 
are managed with ability. 

The weekly papers are numerous. The Bohemians have two — 
the Pokrok (Progress), which has also a tri-weekly, and the Del- 
nicke Listy (Workingman's News). The Ohio Farmer, published 
by the Farmer Co., is an agricultural paper of long standing, having 
a very large circulation all over the northern states. The Manufac- 
turing and Trade Review, published by Adams & Bro., is devoted 
to the manufacturing and commercial interests. The South Cleve- 
land Advocate is published by H. H. Nelson. Die Biene has a 
tri-weekly and special Sunday edition as well as its regular weekly. 
The Catholic Universe, published by Rev. T. B. Thorpe, is in the 
interest of the Roman Catholic Church. The Standard of the 
Cross, published by Rev. W. C. French, is in the interest of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church. 

The Evangelical Publishing Association, a view of whose 
new building, dedicated in 1874, is given on next page, sends out a 



160 



'. C i \ -:rc y 'and 



Uuiitated. 




EVANGELICAL PUBLISHING HOUSE. 

number of papers and magazines, weekly and monthly. Those 
issued weekly only are : The Evangelical Messenger, Der Christliche 
Botschafter, The Evangelical Lesson Leaf, Evangelisches Lection- 
sblatt, The Lammerweide, and My Lesson. The Sunday School 
Messenger and Der Christliche Kinderfreund are issued weekly, 
semi-monthly, and monthly. The monthly publications are : Das 
Evangelische Magazin, The Evangelical Magazine, The Evangelical 
Sunday School Teacher, and The Living Epistle. The establishment 
of the Evangelical Association is on Woodland avenue, between 
Harmon and Vine streets, and includes the fine new block shown 



vC lev el and i&llulttatvd. 

ESSE 



161 



in the illustration and another large block in which the mechanical 
work is done. 

The German Baptist Publishing Society have an establish- 
ment on Forest street, and send out the following publications : Der 
Senbote (weekly), Die Sonntags Freude (monthly), and Der Muntere 
Saemann (monthly). 

The monthly publications, in addition to those mentioned already, 
are: The Earnest Worker, an ably conducted and very success- 
ful monthly paper, published by the Women's Christian Association; 
Brainard's Musical World, The Brotherhood of Locomotive 
Engineers' Monthly, The Christian Harvester, Little Ones 
at Home, The Real Estate Journal, and The Home. 




BANK. STREET, FROM ST. CLAIR. 



1 1 



162 



tfweland 'WMuittaied. 



BANKS AND HANKING HOUSES. 



Wj|j||wHE Banks of Cleveland enjoy an enviable reputation for 
(LjjmftG) solvency and stability. During the several financial panics 
toia^MD tHcit carried under the banks of so many cities, the banks 
and leading banking establishments of Cleveland stood firm. In 
the last great panic, that swept over the country like a tornado, 

leaving a wide 
track of ruin 
and devasta- 
tion behind it, 
notaCleveland 
bank was shak- 
en in the least. 
Most of the 
banks have 
been in exist- 
ence in one 
form or anoth- 
er for a long 
term of years, 
having been 
state banks, 

NATIONAL BANK BUILDING. f ree banks, or 

independent banks before their reorganization as national banks. 
The following are the names and locations of the several banks and 
banking houses : Commercial National Bank, corner Superior and 
Water streets; Merchants National Bank, corner Superior and Bank 
streets; National City Bank, 115 Superior street; Ohio National 




imhvelatid imttu&ltafod. 



163 




SOCIETY FOR SAVINGS. 



Bank, Atwater Block; First National Bank, 117 Superior street 

Second National Bank, corner Supe- ^_ ^^ 

rior and Water streets ; Society for ^tHRflBlM 

Savings, Monumental Park, near Post 

Office ; Citizens' Savings and Loam 

Association, Atwater Block; People's 

Savings and Loan Association, 251' 

Pearl street ; Bohemian Savings Bank, 

116 Croton street; South Cleveland" 

Banking Company, 2501 Broadway :| 

Everett, Weddell & Co., 119 Banl 

street; Chamberlin, Gorham & Per-^S 

kins, 99 Superior street ; Henry Wick 

& Co., Park Building, Monumental 

Park; E. B. Hale & Co., in Superior street; Crumb & Baslington, 

corner Ontario and Michigan streets. 

As a general rule the banks of Cleveland are not distinguished 
for their indulgence in architectural display. Until within a few 
years past they were all located in buildings remarkable for nothing 
but their extreme plainness, within and without, and the same re- 
mains true, so far as exterior display is concerned, of most of them 
even now. The first start toward improved architecture and more 
convenient arrangements was made a few years since by the Society 
for Savings, which erected the tasteful building near the post-office, 
shown in the illustration, and which was 'after a while enlarged by 
extension in the rear. Subsequently the Commercial National and 
Second National Banks removed from their old quarters in the 
Atwater Block to the elegant building erected for that purpose at 
the corner of Superior and Water streets, and to which the name of 
National Bank Building has been given. 



t64 



we/and c :<dsllu4tlated 



BUSINESS HOUSES. 




WORK professing to give anything of an account of Cleveland, 
as it is to-day, which should omit the business houses of the 
city would be unworthy notice, for it would omit that which 
has made Cleveland what it is. To the energy, enterprise and high 
character of its business men Cleveland owes its remarkable 

growth and unequaled prosperity. 
No city in the Union stands higher for 
the stability and honorable character 
of its merchants, their far-seeing en- 
terprise and sound judgment, and 
the good reputation of the commodi- 
ties sold, and of those who sell them. 
Until within a few years the merchants 
of the city paid little attention to the 
architectural features of their places 
of business, deeming that of less con- 
sequence than the character of the 
nisiness done in them. Of late years, 
however, a great change has taken 
ilace in this respect, and many of the 
lew business blocks will compare 
avorably with those of cities where 
business architecture has been for a 
long time a matter of study and pride. 
Of course, in a work like this the utmost that can be done is to give 
a few of the representative houses and some of the more notable 
buildings. This has been done in the following pages. 




214 AND 2 16 SUPERIOR S I". 






1 65 



One of the finest of the new business buildings erected within 
the past few years is that owned and occupied by the music publish- 
ing and music selling establishment of S. BrainardJs Sons. The 
building was erected in 1876, and covers the two numbers, 341 and 
343Euclid avenue, ,, 

near Sheriff street, ^ : 7 

and but a short - 1 -"-r j : — ^_ 

distanc e east of 
Monumental Park. 
The site on which 
it stands was part 
of that occupied m 
by old St. Paul's ^ ZmZ luA^ 
church. On the 
destruction of the 
church and the flfl 
sale of the land the 
Messrs. Brainard 
purchased suffici- 
ent for the block, S 
and at once made 3 
preparations for its 11 
erection. The 
building is four 
stories high and 
has in addition a 
deep underground 
story. The space 
occupied is thirty 
by one hundred 
and thirty feet. 




"///' //////// //,"> '/;>"r up 1 ' ''A \ ■ • ' " - v * 

341 AND 343 EUCLID AVENUE. 

The front is handsome, and in keeping with the other fine buildings 
lately erected on that avenue. In the basement is the engine and 
the press for electrotype and stereotype printing; the packing and 
shipping are also done here, and the publications of the house kept 



/ 66 C lev eland r sjUu* U a fed. 

in stock are here stored. Communication with the upper floor is 
maintained by an elevator run by steam power, as well as by stairs. 
The plates of the copyrighted publications of the house are kept in 
a large fire-proof vault at the rear of the basement and wholly cut 
off from it ; these plates are of great number and value. On the 
first or ground floor is the salesroom, a representation of which is 
given on the next page. The room is large and handsome, thirty 
by one hundred and thirty feet, and very lofty. As shown in the 
illustration, it is surrounded with tastefully finished galleries, and the 
walls from floor to ceiling are lined with shelves for stacking sheet 
music in such manner as will afford immediate access to any piece 
of music that may be required. In the rear of the main salesroom 
are the counting-room and private office, fitted and furnished in the 
most elegant and convenient manner. The main room is used for 
retail sales and also for order sales, there being a portion of the 
room especially fitted up for the latter purpose. On the floor imme- 
diately above is the piano room, where are to be found some of the 
finest instruments in the country; this room is the scene of frequent 
musical entertainments and social gatherings. The third floor is 
devoted to organs, second-hand pianos, imported goods, and the 
book publications of the house. The topmost story, a lofty and 
well lighted room, is occupied by the engravers, plate printers and 
type setters. Thus the entire building, with all its admirable 
appointments, is wholly occupied by the operations of the firm, and 
in addition to this another building, on Frankfort street, is used for 
an electrotype foundry and bindery. The business of the establish- 
ment, both in the publication of new music and musical works, and 
the dealing in the publications of other publishers, is of great extent. 
In pianos, and other musical instruments, also, a very large trade is 
done. The house has had an existence in Cleveland of over forty 
years, having been established by Silas brainard, under the American 
House, in 1836. Thirteen years afterward he leased a brick building 
on Superior street, to which he gave the name of " The Melodeon," 
by which it was long known. In 1S71 he died, leaving the business 
to his two sons, Charles S. and Henry M. Brainard. 



168 



(ere I a ml ' : &f(utfiated. 




■i PAPER CO. 



Among the most important branches of industry carried on in 
Cleveland, that of the manufacture of paper by the Cleveland 
Paper Company takes prominent rank, and the growth of the 
industry, as represented by this organization, has been co-extensive 
with the rapid progress of the city in point of population and 

material wealth. 
This company was 
organized under 
its present name 
in 1859, by the 
consolidation of 
the firm of Young- 
love & Hoyt and 
the Lake Erie Pa- 
per Company, and 
the following gen- 
tlemen were elect- 
ed its first officers: 
George Worthing- 
ton, President; N. 
W. Taylor, Secre- 
tary, Treasurer & 
General Agent. 
Under this admin- 
istration the affairs 



ifffiiiitit'tti 

flfilif 



3 PAP ER 

a 

SViTAlRE HOUSED 




128 ST. CLAIR SI REET. 



of the company were most successfully managed, the growth of the 
business of manufacturing and the constantly increasing trade, 
dating from its inception. Upon Mr. Taylor, as general agent, 
devolved, in a great measure, the practical management of the busi- 
ness, and in 1868 these duties became so arduous as to necessitate a 
division of the labors. Mr. H. S. Whittlesey was elected to the 
office of secretary and treasurer, Mr. Taylor devoting himself entirely 
to the business connected with his position as general agent, which 
he has discharged continuously since the formation of the company 
in 1859. The present board of directors and officers are as follows: 



Messrs. Ansel Roberts, N. W. Taylor, H. S. Whittlesey, Edward 
Mill, George H. Taylor, J. W. Brightman and M. Hobart. Officers, 
Ansel Roberts, President ; H. S. Whittlesey, Secretary and Treas- 
urer; N. W. Taylor, General Agent. Mr. Edward Mill was appointed 
superintendent of the salesroom and warehouse, a position which he 
now holds; his practical knowledge of the business and his ready 
comprehension of the requirements of the trade are amply attested 
by his successful management of the departments under his super- 
vision. Mr. J. W. Brightman, as master mechanic, finds a large 
field for the exercise of his mechanical and inventive abilities, as the 
machine shops of the company are quite extensive, and a number of 
new appliances have been introduced by him into the works. The 
works of the company at present consist of three mills, two of which 
are located in this city and one at Cuyahoga Falls; the company also 
own a large interest in two other mills, one located at Canton and 
the other at Massillon. The finer qualities of paper are manufac- 
tured at their Cleveland mills and the coarser grades at the outside 
mills. The entire product of the Canton mill is brought to the 
Cleveland warehouse, from whence it is sold and shipped ; a portion 
of the product of the Massillon mill is forwarded direct to Chicago, 
where the company have a branch office and warehouse, under the 
efficient management of Mr. George H. Taylor. The present rate 
of production and capacity of the mills is fully four times what it 
was at the date of the organization of the company, and the trade 
has been extended until their goods are to be found in all quarters 
of the country ; the trade on the Pacific coast being quite large, and 
that in Canada not inconsiderable. The company, with its present 
large manufacturing capacity, extensive warehouses and army of 
employes, is among the largest of the kind on the continent, and 
quite the largest in the west. A large addition is at this time (July, 
1876,) being built to the already extensive warehouse and offices of 
the company in this city, which, when completed, will give them 
storing room and offices second to none in size and convenience of 
arrangement. The illustration given is a faithful representation of 
the front elevation of the building, located at 128 St. Clair street. 



170 



y£Hvwimid 



MuiUafod. 



257 



C AR SON. 




W| 




ONE PRICE 




TJ 




CLOTHING 



The clothing establishment of James W. Carson & Co. has for 
several years been known as one of the most substantial and reliable 
business concerns in the city. Its location is admirably adapted for 

the trade carried on, and 
the store rooms are large 
and well arranged. The 
main front is on Superior 
street, the whole of the 
store, No. 257, being oc- 
cupied, with the rooms 
above; in the rear this 
opens into a large double 
store, Nos. 7 and 1 1 Mon- 
umental Park. The busi- 
ness carried on in these 
large and commodious 
stores is that of a whole- 
sale and retail clothing es- 
tablishment and gentle- 
men's furnishing store. An 
extensive business is also 
done in merchant tailor- 
ing. The arrangements 
for carrying on these de- 
partments are perfect, 
every available foot of 
space being utilized in the 
best manner. The estab- 
? lishment has been in exis- 
257 superior street. tence eighteen years, hav- 

ing been conducted for the first ten years by J. H. De Witt & Co. 
On the death of Mr. De Witt, in 186S, the business was carried on by 
J. W. Carson alone. In 1872 the present firm of James W. Carson 
& Co. was formed, the members of the firm being James W. Carson, 
Charles W. Chase, Jr., and S. D. McMillan as special partner. 



.Ip^gir ^M^ra^tiB^'^Rrgj 




Wfavdaiid ^yUiiiilaUd. 



171 



i mi I mm i Mini mm Minimum 

WALL PAPER. 



The house of W. P. Fogg & Co., importers and dealers in China, 
Gas Fixtures, and Paper Hangings, was established in 185 1, when 
Cleveland was a town of only twenty thousand inhabitants, and it 
is to-day the oldest house in the city engaged in the China and Gas 
Fixture business. Ten years ago the department of Wall Paper and 
House Decorations was added to this establishment, which now 
includes the three branches especially interesting to housekeepers, 
viz: the table china, glass, silver plate, and cutlery; the Gas Fix- 
tures, comprising every variety of chandeliers and lamps for both 
gas and kerosene; and the Paper Hang- 
ings of every quality and grade for inte- 
rior wall decoration. It is safe to say that 
in no part of the economy of the house- 
hold is there a better opportunity than 
in the above for a display of cultivated 
taste and good judgment. The store of jj 

this firm is in the heart of the business l| 

•l 
portion of Superior street. It is one ji 

hundred and sixty feet in depth and Jj 
four stories high, the entire building 
being devoted to the several depart- 
ments of their business. It is fitted up 
with elegance and taste, the two first 
floors being thrown into one by open 
galleries, the front portion being occu- 
pied by China and Gas Fixtures, and the 
rear half by the Wall Paper stock. Every 
convenience for the handling and dis- 
play of their fine wares will be found in 
this establishment. The frequent visits 
of the senior member of this firm to 

Europe, and his travels in the far East, 183 superior street. 
whence the name of "China Ware" is derived, have given him 
unrivaled opportunities for advancing the interests of the special 
business with which he has been so long identified in Cleveland. 




172 



"a 



thwland 1c; u f/u dilated. 



, &y a 



^'u t -t't! 




1" 'L ---J , ,-C 

i ||- ft M# 


ft " 

Iff 




IM 


| g 


-1 


r-~, 




lit 


Hi MI. 


J 


. 1 



1 1 'ifplf 

; J p" lili.nl" 



til 



The A. S. Herenden Furniture Company, successors to A. S. 
Herenden & Co., occupy the extensive and finely appointed stores, 
Nos. 114 and 116 Bank street, with the whole of the floors in the 
block. The firm was first established in the city seven years ago, 

and soon obtained a high reputation for 
the excellent character of the goods 
manufactured and the great variety dis- 
played. In the course of time the de- 
mands upon the facilities of the firm 
were so large that additional capital was 
required, and the present stock company 
* "111 ■« 'mi MI ■'"' 8 ' " #'• was f° rrne d, with a capital of $150,000; 
with this increase of capital the sphere 
of the company's operations was enlarged 
and additions made to the manufacturing 
facilities. There are now two factories 
in operation, making every grade and 
descripton of furniture ; one in Cleve- 
land employing one hundred hands, and 
one in Chicago employing two hundred 
hands. The storerooms in Cleveland 
are crowded with the finest, most elegant, and at the same time most 
substantial furniture ; all the latest and most fashionable styles are 
manufactured and placed in stock without delay; house-furnishing 
throughout is made a specialty. Those about to set up house-keep- 
ing can have all their wants supplied here without the trouble of 
hunting around among a number of stores of different kinds for the 
articles they need ; the most elegant mansion and the simplest 
cottage can alike be here furnished, from attic floor to cellar; the 
convenience of this can be easily understood. The reputation of 
the work of this establishment stands so high, and is so well known 
that its trade extends through nearly all the states of the Union. 
The president of the company and its active superintendent is A. S. 
Herenden; C. L. Osgood is secretary and treasurer. 




I 14 AND 1 16 HANK ST 



mievviand < &Uti4Uuied. 



173 



The establishment of Gotf. Saal, shown in the accompanying 
engraving, is situated on the corner of Ontario and Lake streets, 
having a frontage of twenty-eight feet on Ontario street and a depth 
of sixty-eight feet on Lake street. The building is four stories high, 
with a large and roomy basement. It is an elegant and tasteful 
structure, forming a decided ornament to that part of the street. 
The business carried on by Mr. Saal is that of a bakery and confec- 
tionery, added to which is that of a dealer in all kinds of groceries 
and provisions. The 
business done is very 
large, the reputation 
of the establishment 
having been firmly 
built up by sixteen 
years of successful 
existence on St. 
Clair street, from 
which the change 
was made to the 
new building on the 
20th day of October, 
1875. In his present asH 
quarters Mr. Saal has 
facilities for carrying corner Ontario and lake. 

on a far more extensive establishment than in his former situation, 
the appointments being complete in every respect. The ice-cream 
saloon and parlors are spacious and fitted up in the most tasteful 
manner. A large trade is carried on with other points, whilst the 
home trade is extensive and steadily increasing. A specialty is the 
making of fancy cakes to order, in which a considerable business 
is done. The proximity of Lake View Park, and the great number 
of persons attracted during the summer months to the neighborhood 
of the lake, justified the erection of the building and made the estab- 
lishment a public convenience as well as an additional attraction to 
that part of the city. 




17 A 



'(evdaitd '.O Mutilated. 



The extensive clothing store of J. Manskield & Co., Nos. 52 and 
54 Public square, was established in 187 1. The business continued 
to increase until, it becoming necessary to double the space, the two 
stores now occupied were taken and fitted up in the most convenient 
manner. Additions were made to the classes of goods sold ; hats, 
caps, robes and trunks being now included in the stock. The result 

M^- - has fully justified 
\ he increased out- 
ay. The sales 
continued to in- 
:rease, and du- 
ring the past year 
showed a larger 
percentage of 
increase than in 
any former year, 
in spite of the 
>revailing de- 
pression in busi- 
ness. This is 
attributed to the 
method of doing 
business, which 
is that of selling 
the best class of 
goods at the low- 
es t possible 
profit, and keep- 
ing a variety that 
ggs-~ will suit all cus- 
52 and 54 PUBLIC SQUARE. tomers. Their 

connection with the house of D. H. Brigham & Co., of Springfield, 
Mass., who are large manufacturers, gives their customers the benefit 
of one profit between producer and consumer, this being especially 
true of the finer grade of clothing. 




Wlcvrfand G MUu6ti cited. 175 

The Forest City Business College, in Richardson's Block, south 
side of Public Square, is a new institution in Cleveland. Its mana- 
gers, Messrs. Hutson & Tanner, claim for the system they employ 
a superiority over those usually adopted in business colleges. The 
foundation principle is that of making the instruction strictly prac- 
ticable instead of merely theoretical. The student on his entry in the 
the college is at once put in the position of a new clerk who has to 
learn the duties of his office. He enters no class, but works for 
himself under the eye of a careful instructor, who holds the relation 
to him of an employer or acting business manager. Step by step he 
is inducted into the duties of his position, and feels himself daily 
more able to incur its responsibilities. In this way he masters in 
time the mysteries of ordinary book-keeping, commercial law, busi- 
ness customs, business forms, and becomes a rapid writer and quick 
accountant. When he has passed this stage of instruction, and stood 
the test of a searching examination into his fitness for promotion, he 
embarks again in business and has to encounter greater difficulties 
and more complicated questions. Before he succeeds in passing 
through this latter stage, he has had to encounter nearly every ques- 
tion that can possibly arise, and to meet nearly every difficulty that 
can embarrass a man in real business transactions. Thus the student 
learns quickness of thought and decision, steadiness of purpose, 
coolness of judgment in the most trying circumstances, and absolute 
certainty in methods of accounts. Every student has to work out 
for himself, under the eye of a competent and watchful master, a line 
of transactions peculiar to himself. In this exclusiveness of opera- 
tion lies a perfect safeguard against copying the work of others, 
as is sometimes the case in the system of instruction by classes. 
And the student, when he goes out into the world and takes up 
business in real earnest, does not find himself at sea because the 
conditions are not exactly the same as laid down in the text-books. 
He has learned to judge for himself each case as it arises, and is 
therefore quite at home in whatever situation he may be placed. 
The college, though a new institution, has already been very 
successful. Full information furnished by them on request. 



176 



Wki'e/a/id i04lu6iiated. 



Few places in Cleveland are better known than the Confectionery, 
Restaurant, and Dining establishment of Numsen & Whitney, No. 
185 Superior street. The business was established in 1840, by H. 
Mould & Son. In 1851 the interest of H. Mould was purchased 
by P. Numsen, and the firm became Mould & Numsen. In 1872 it 
was changed to Numsen & Whitney, Arthur E. Whitney having taken 
an interest. During the past few years the business has increased to 
such an extent that considerable additions to the space were found 
necessary. In December, 1875, the building was renovated, refitted 

and impro- 
ved, and 
the entire 
four stories 
taken into 
use. Great- 
ly increas- 
ed facilities 
|] for dining 
were pro- 
vided, ena- 
bling six 
hundred 
persons to 
dine daily 
in the reg- 
nu.msen & whitnky's, 185 superior st. ular eating 

department. On special occasions as many as fourteen hundred 
persons have been accommodated in the entire building. There are 
separate dining-rooms for ladies, furnished with all the conveniences 
required. Besides the dining-room business a very large trade is 
done at wholesale and retail in confectionery. Parties are also 
catered for at short notice. In the same building are billiard 
parlors, furnished with the best tables. A peculiar feature is the 
absence of all wines, liquors and ales, from every part of the 
establishment. 




ijmhvdmid imtluMafed. 177 

Passing along the southwest side of Monumental Park attention 
is attracted to the wall-paper store of William Downie, No. 20. 
The Downie establishment has been for more than twenty years well 
known to Clevelanders as a leading house in the line of interior 
decorations. First as John Downie, then as J. Downie & Co., 
and now as William Downie, it has always borne a good reputation 
for enterprise, taste, and fair dealing. The newest and best in style 
and quality could always be found there, with skillful workmen 
operating under the close personal supervision of the principal. In 
the annual changes of stock the successive steps in the progress of 
improvement in interior decorations could be marked. That progress 
has within the past year or two been extraordinary. Instead of the 
old unmeaning, and sometimes positively hideous patterns, harmoniz- 
ing with nothing in the household, an artistic taste is now displayed 
in every particular. Men of genius and high culture give their time 
and attention to the production of designs for wall-papers. Rules 
are laid down for the selection of patterns and colors to match with 
carpets and furniture. The walls are made not only attractive but 
also restful to the eye, by the perfect harmony of patterns and colors. 
The variety in designs, colors, qualities, and prices now displayed in 
Mr. Downie's stock is so great that all tastes and all pockets can be 
suited. Particular attention is called to the large number of Old 
English styles of hangings and the Morris and Eastlake designs. To 
these will soon be added some of the designs of Dr. Dresser. These 
can be had in the foreign paper or, in equally good quality and at 
one-half the cost, in reproductions by American manufacturers. By 
arrangements made with the American houses, the purchaser at Mr. 
Downie's can make a selection from a book of patterns, and have the 
design reproduced in any desired colors, and in quantity from a 
single room upward. In connection with his paper trade Mr. 
Downie is always prepared to furnish first-class painters, grainers, 
and paper-hangers. The work being under his personal supervision 
is sufficient guarantee that it will be done in the very best manner. 



178 



r Jo(eve<and ^mllutftakd. 



The establishment of Henry Weisgerber is one of the best and 
most favorably known in the city in its line of business. For many 
years Mr. Weisgerber has been one of the most popular and success- 
ful caterers for public and private parties. In his handsome and 
commodious block, 186 Prospect street, corner of Brownell, he carries 
on the business of confectioner and cake-baker, with increased facil- 
ities for catering for parties. Particular attention is given to furnishing 
weddings, dancing and dinner parties, receptions, sociables, etc., with 
fine confectionery, fruits, meats, and game. In the upper part of the 




CORNER PROSPECT AND BROWNELL STREETS. 

block is a fine dancing and party hall, which has been newly fres- 
coed and is admirably suited for the purpose. 

In the Weisgerber Block on Prospect street, at No. 184, is the 
establishment of C. II. Leonard & Co., manufacturers and whole- 
sale dealers in corsets, bustles, hoopskirts and materials, whalebone 
and imported horn, children's corded waists, and all descriptions of 
goods in the line indicated. The firm carries on a large wholesale 
and retail trade, and particular attention is paid to custom work. 
All the Dress Reform goods are kept on hand and made to order. 



mfovviand ^Mmttditakd, 



1, 



179 



At 90 Merwin street, corner Center, is the warehouse of Pratt 
& Co., successors to Pratt & Armstrong, engineers and manufacturers' 
agents. This house was established in April, 1875, the present mem- 
bers being I. H. Pratt and George B. Senter. The business of this 
firm is furnishing railroad companies, railroad contractors, car build- 
ers, planing mills, saw mills, mining companies and others with 
every kind of 
machinery and 
supplies need- 
ed by them, 
which are sup- 
plied at manu- 
facturers' pri- 
ces. The pro- 
prietors have 
had an exten- 
sive acquaint- 
ance with the 
business, and 
their thorough 
knowledge of 
the needs of fl 
consumers and 
their complete 
communica- 
tion with man- 
ufacturers, en- 
able them to 
fill all orders 

for machinery 90 merwin street. 

or tools of any kind with promptness and economy, and thus cus- 
tomers are spared the expense and trouble of themselves visiting the 
different stores and manufactories. The great convenience of such 
an establishment can readily be seen, and it is not surprising that 
its success has already been very large. 




180 j$fci'vla/id °ij Mutilated 



MANUFACTURES. 



^^fp^HE peculiar advantages of Cleveland as a manufacturing 
gJjpUa point were early seen by many of its citizens. Year after 
®\&AQ) y ear tne attention of manufacturers was called to the unriv- 
aled facilities enjoyed by Cleveland for the making of iron. Here 
the product of the inexhaustible coal-fields of Northeastern Ohio 
met the rich product of the Lake Superior iron mines; here all the 
other materials needed in the making of iron could be obtained 
with comparatively little labor or expense. In course of time these 
advantages were turned to practical account; one manufactory after 
another was started and proved successful. The demand for manu- 
factured articles of various kinds growing out of the war stimulated 
enterprises of this character, and almost at a single jump Cleveland 
took a foremost place among the manufacturing towns of the west, 
especially in the working up of wood and iron. Foundries, rolling 
mills, machine shops, carriage factories, implement works, and a 
great number of other industrial establishments sprang up, grew in 
size and extent of business, and gave employment to thousands of 
hands. The discovery of the petroleum fields added to the pros- 
perity of Cleveland in no small degree. A large share of the refining 
trade was brought to the city, employing, directly and indirectly, 
many hundreds of persons. No city in the west has attained, in so 
short a time, so prominent a place among the manufacturing places 
of the country, and certainly none has been more fortunate in retain- 
ing the prosperity thus obtained. Out of the long list of important 
manufacturing establishments that have added to the wealth and 
population of the city, we have taken a very few to represent some 
of the more important industries. It would be impossible to give 
anything like a fair representation of the extent and character of 
Cleveland manufactures without occupying more space than is con- 
sistent with the design of this work. 



r 



wlzvuiand <s W>llii&UaUd, 



181 



The King Iron Bridge and Manufacturing Company was 
incorporated as a stock company in 187 1, with a paid-up capital of 
$225,000, being successors to the business of Z. King, which was 
established as early as 1857. By 
a charter granted by the legisla- 
ture of Ohio, the company was 
authorized to build and construct 
iron bridges of all kinds, turn- 
tables, fences, jail-cells — in fact, 
everything in general wrought 

iron work. Additions of enlarg- c 

c 
ed capacity have been made to x 

the original works, until they £ 
now cover a space of over fifty « 
thousand square feet, affording 
unlimited facilities for getting £ 
out work promptly. In the com- £ 
pleteness, extent and adaptation > 
of tools and appointments re- ° 
quired for bridge construction, ^ 
the works of this company have c 
no superior. The annual sales ^ 
reach nearly a million dollars, x 
They manufacture over three £j 
hundred spans each year, with • 
a constantly increasing demand 
for their work, and there has not 
been a single failure of any of 
their bridges to sustain its re- 
quired load. The offices and 
works are located at the corner 
of St. Clair and Wason streets. 
Z. King, A. B. Stone, Henry Chisholm, Dan P. Eells, Leverett Alcott, 
R. P. Myers, H. D. Sizer, Truman Dunham and Chas. E. King con- 
stitute the Board of Directors. The officers are Z. King, President; 
Chas. E. King, Vice-President; and Harley B. Gibbs, Secretary. 




182 C Ivnetand 'QUiitflafad. 

The establishment of Abbott, Brew & Co., successors to Young- 
love, Massey & Co., is near the corner of Euclid avenue and Willson 
avenue, on the line of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad. The 
business was originally established by William DeWitt, about the 
year 1850, and was then confined to the manufacture of agricultural 
implements. The firm became DeWitt & Howell by the accession 
to it of Mr. Charles Howell. In 1856 the works, which were then 
on the flats, suffered destruction by fire ; a new firm was formed 
under the name of Baldwin, DeWitt & Co., the members being- 
Dudley Baldwin, M. C. Younglove and William DeWitt ; new works 
were built on the same site, and operations recommenced on a more 
extensive scale. On the death of Mr. DeWitt the firm was changed 
to Younglove, Massey & Co. Up to 1870 the firm confined itself to 
the manufacture of Agricultural implements, chiefly the Hubbard 
mower and reaper. In that year the works on the flats were found 
to be too small, and the present site was bought and larger buildings 
erected. Another department was added, that of architectural iron 
works. In 1871 the foundry was burnt down, but it was speedily 
rebuilt on a larger scale and in a more permanent manner. In Jan- 
uary, 1872, the entire works, with the exception of the foundry, were 
destroyed by fire; in the following spring the works were rebuilt, the 
work being carried on meanwhile down town, so that no time was lost. 
In 1875 the firm was changed to Abbott, Brew & Co. Further 
additions were made to the kinds of work undertaken, so that all 
descriptions of agricultural implements are now made, especial atten- 
tion being given to the Ithaca horse rake, the American cider mill, the 
continental feed cutter, horse-powers, cultivators, threshers and other 
implements; every kind of iron work for buildings is manufactured, 
and complete iron houses or iron fronts are made. Among the 
prominent iron buildings or fronts supplied by the firm are the Singer 
sewing machine building and the city national bank building, in 
Chicago ; the saving and loan association block and Andrews & Hitch- 
cock, Youngstown ; Detroit Tribune building; Scott's block, Erie; 
Ryder's art building and Cobb & Bradley's block, Cleveland, and 
several others. Since 1875 chains of all sizes and kinds are also made. 



3/ 



mvclcmd %wlluMtaUd. 



188 




Jevcfaml @Uu&Uattd 



'. 



One of the most extensive and notable of Cleveland's manufac- 
turing establishments is the Standard Oil Company's works. This 
company was organized in 1870, and soon after that date absorbed 
within its organization the greater number of the oil refining firms in 
the city. The works were steadily enlarged to meet the growing 
requirements of the business, until the present mammoth proportions 
were reached. No other oil refining establishment in the world 
compares with this in extent of operations or perfection of detail. 
Several hundred persons are employed, and when in full operation 
ten thousand barrels of oil a day have been shipped. Everything 
that can be made on the premises is there manufactured. The 
barrel manufactory is a curiosity. The barrels are made by machin- 
ery, and so extensive and perfect is the machinery, that ten thousand 
barrels or even more can be made daily. The barrel factory of itself 
affords employment to a great number of men and boys. The main 
works are situated on Broadway, the track of the Atlantic & Great 
Western Railroad passing in the immediate neighborhood. What oil 
is brought from the oil regions for the Standard works by the Lake 
Shore Railway, passes under the city through pipes laid along the 
line of the streets between the lake shore and Broadway, and con- 
nected with pumps at the company's works. The refined product 
finds a market in all parts of the world, the greater portion probably 
going to Europe. The traveler in any part of Europe is likely to 
come across the blue barrels and distinctive brand of the Standard 
Oil Company where he little dreamed of being so reminded of 
Cleveland. In addition to their extensive establishment in Cleve- 
land, the company have works elsewhere employing numerous 
hands. The principal offices are in the Standard Block, 346 Euclid 
avenue, occupying rooms 1 to 10. The officers are: President, John 
D. Rockefeller; Vice-President, William Rockefeller; Secretary, H. 
M. Flagler; Treasurer, O. H. Payne; Superintendent, Samuel 
Andrews. 



h vet and f0Mti4itaied. 



185 



The manufacture of Carriages is an important feature in the 
industries of Cleveland. The establishment of Sims & Warden, 
known as the Euclid Avenue Carriage Manufacturing Com- 
pany, has attained a widespread reputation for the high class of work 
turned out by it. Its manufactures include all the finest varieties of 
Carriages and the latest styles in design and finish. Sulkies of the 
lightest and at the same time strongest make, open and top Road 
Wagons of every design, Basket and Pony Phaetons, four and six seat 




I2IQ AND 1221 EUCLID AVENUE. 

extension top Phaetons, Coupe Rockaways, and in fact every descrip- 
tion of fine carriage that runs on wheels is made at this establish- 
ment. The utmost care has been always taken in the selection of 
materials so that none but the best and soundest of stuff is used in 
the manufacture of the vehicles, the peculiar characteristics of which 
are their lightness and at the same time perfect trustworthiness on 
the point of strength. All carriages sent from this establishment are 
warranted and no occasion has been found for complaint. The sales 
have been large and cover a wide extent of country. In addition to 
the manufacture of new carriages attention is now paid to repairs, 
the utmost care being taken in this department and special facilities 
for the prompt and skilful execution of work provided. 



186 



C lew-land C ,U Mutilated. 



RIDES AND DRIVES. 



'HE visitor to Cleveland who wishes to enjoy a pleasant and 
picturesque drive, or to seek some attractive spot in the 
] ^' suburbs in which to spend a few hour?, will find no difficulty 
in gratifying his desires. Nearly all the main avenues of the city 
are pleasant routes for a drive, the streets being wide and well paved, 





VIEW ON EUCLID AVENUE. 



and the houses and lawns affording agreeable diversion for the eye 
in passing. Every line of street cars as it approaches the suburbs, if 



not before, takes the passenger into pleasant and picturesque spots. 
In the river can be found at nearly all hours of the day safe and 
commodious steam yachts, ready to start for Rocky River or some 
other place of popular resort, and there are numerous sail yachts and 
skiffs for short trips, or for those who merely wish a turn out in the 
lake a short distance, or a row up the river. During the summer 
months hundreds of the people of the city and visitors daily avail 
themselves of the advantages offered them for a pleasant ride or 
drive or trip on the water. 

The first question asked of a visitor to Cleveland who has had 
time to see some of the sights is, " Have you been up Euclid ave- 
nue ?" As well go to Rome without seeing St. Peter's, or to London 
without visiting the tower, or to Washington without going to the 
capitol, as come to Cleveland with the purpose of seeing it and not 
making the first duty the ride along the avenue. That avenue has 
been the special pride of Cleveland since the early days of the oldest 
inhabitant. Before the city attained its present population, when 
even the longest of avenues fails to afford space for all the wealth and 
fashion of the prosperous city, it was the summit of a Clevelander's 
earthly ambition to have a mansion on Euclid street — on the "nabob 
side" — before dying. That attained and enjoyed for a time there 
was nothing left to live for, and the happy Clevelander sank peace- 
fully to rest. Even before the avenue reached its present perfect 
condition, the stamp of superlative excellence was placed upon it by 
that distinguished writer and unrivaled traveler, Bayard Taylor. In 
one of his published essays he pronounced Euclid avenue, taking its 
length, number of fine residences, and general beauty into consider- 
ation, without a superior in the world. Other world-famous streets 
may have grander architecture for a short distance; single lawns 
may be more lavishly decorated with flower-beds and statuary; or 
there may be other isolated beauties which surpass anything this 
famous avenue can show. But no avenue in the world can present 
to the delighted visitor such a continuous succession of charming 
residences and such uniformly beautiful grounds for so great a 
distance. It was this which impelled Bayard Taylor to the eulogy 



188 



M 



lew (and tmttu&Uaied. 



of Cleveland's favorite avenue, which, naturally enough, Clevelanders 
are never weary of repeating when the charms of the avenue are the 
topic of conversation. If the visitor takes a carriage he should com- 

.mence his ride 
at the south- 
eastern corner 
of Monumental 
Park, that being 
the place where 
the avenue be- 
gins. Here he 
sees on either 
side the new 
business blocks 
erected within a 
few years, and 
which afford evi- 
dence that the 
unexpected in- 
road of business 
on this aristo- 
J-tl^eLcratic avenue 



I8§§ii|§§lait vv ^ not impair 
™^Lits reputation as 




EUCLID AVENU1 



-I. AWNS AND WALK. 



• an elegant thor- 
oughfare. After 
passing the Con- 
vent, Union Club House, Central High School and First Baptist 
Church, Erie street is crossed, and in a short time the line of elegant 
residences is reached. From this time the visitor passes for nearly, 
if not quite, three miles of finely paved road, lined with elegant 
mansions, whose exteriors are in every detail indicative of comfort 
and beauty within. Each house has grounds, more or less spacious, 
stretching from the ridge on which the house stands down to the 
line of the street at some distance; the turf in these lawns is almost 



mewfand ^mttu&Utitvd. 



189 



invariably of velvety softness and of a rich green, showing watchful 
care and liberal expenditure in its maintenance. Beds of rare 
flowers or leaf-plants present in the season glowing masses of colors, 
and graceful shrubs or stately forest trees add their attractions. 
Between the smoothly flagged sidewalks and the pavement of the 
carriage-way are carefully tended grassy lawns, and the sidewalks 
are mostly over-arched with massive shade trees. The eye is never 




EUCLID AVENUE RESIDENCE OF L. E. HOLDEN. 

wearied with the .succession of beauties, for each has something 
peculiar to itself. Some of the more elegant grounds, such as those 
of the Wades, near the corner of Case avenue, are thrown open to 
the inspection of well-behaved visitors. The magnificent displays 
of leaf-plants and masses of brilliant flowers in these grounds are 



190 



§ (eveland r xJf(i(iflated. 



well worthy a visit. Leaving these behind, the drive takes the visitor 
past a large number of other handsome residences and well-kept 
grounds, through what was until within a few years the village of 
East Cleveland, and so on out by charming suburban homes to Wade 
Park. This is the private property of Mr. J. H. Wade, a gentleman 
who has spent large sums and displayed exquisite taste in beautifying 




VIEW IN WADE I'. ARK. 



the city. Wade Park occupies a deep ravine and the surrounding 
land, and the natural beauties of the place have been developed 
and heightened by art until a place of rare attractiveness has been 
formed; walks and drives amid dense shrubbery or under forest trees 
of imposing grandeur, or by sunny banks, have been laid out with 
taste and judgment, without regard to expense. Emerging from 
Wade Park, which has not yet been completed, beautiful as it now is, 



'lewiand 



*i 



' u 6i "ceded. 



191 



the drive can be continued a short distance further east until on the 
other side of the road the gate of Lake View Cemetery is reached. 
This we have already described in another place. This is the end 
of the paved road. The drive can be continued further east along 
a delightful road, or the return route can be taken and digression 
made southward by way of Willson or Case avenue, where good 




fcM;(ii»VJi!Ai)Wiuw»l!*" 



VIEW ON CASE AVENUE. 



roads and a large number of pretty residences will be found. The 
Willson avenue route passes public pleasure gardens, where open- 
air concerts and other amusements are given in the summer season, 
and, after passing the busy junction with Woodland avenue, a diver- 
sion may be made to Woodland Cemetery and the Work-house, or 
in another direction to Woodland Hills, or homeward by the broad 
and busy thoroughfare of Woodland avenue. By the Case avenue 
route, also, a little further to the westward, the same points can be 
reached, passing on the way the open grounds where base ball matches 
are played. Instead of continuing along either of these avenues so 
far as Woodland, the way can be taken down town along Pros- 
pect street, which runs parallel to Euclid avenue, and has for several 
years been the formidable rival of that avenue in the matter of hand- 
some residences. The grounds on this street are not so extensive as 



'92 



lev eland Kmlhti t'c cited. 




PROSPECT STREET RESIDENCE OF S. M. CARPENTER. 

on Euclid avenue, but they are equally well kept, and a handsome 
residence on East Prospect street is now looked on by a large num- 
ber as equally desirable with a residence on the avenue. As a speci- 
men of the handsome and home-like dwelling-houses on this street, 
we give an illustration of the residence of Mr. S. M. Carpenter. 
Those who do not wish to take a carriage can see much of the route 
we have described by taking a car on the East Cleveland railroad ; 
the car passes up Euclid avenue to Erie street, and thence along 
Prospect street to Case avenue, when it returns to Euclid avenue 
and continues upon it to the Lake View Cemetery. The greater part 
of Prospect street is thus traversed, but a large portion of the fine 
residences on Euclid avenue cannot be seen by taking this mode of 
conveyance. On returning, however, a walk may be taken from 
Willson avenue down Euclid avenue to any desired point. 



-%*> 



'Cleveland ^Uii&focded. 



193 



Another attractive drive is along the St. Clair road. Starting 
from Monumental Park along Superior street the route takes us past 
the Library Association building, the magnificent City Hall, a suc- 
cession of handsome business blocks and private residences to Erie 
street; crossing this we come to the Roman Catholic Cathedral, and 
in its rear the 



elegant and 
costly man- 
sion recently 
erected for 
the residence 
of the bishop. 
Beyond this 
are several 
tasteful resi- 
dences and 
the fine Ger- 
man' Roman 
Catholic 
Church at 
the corner of 
Dodge street. 
Either here 
or beyond, 

the turn can be made northward into St. Clair street, which runs 
parallel to Superior. The drive from this point out is a pleasant 
one, passing some comfortable residences and several pretty cottages, 
until the grounds of the Northern Ohio Fair Association and the 
Cleveland Club are reached; just before reaching this point a turn 
to the left will take us to the beautiful grounds of Gordon Park, now 
in course of construction, on the same ravine on which Wade Park 
lies further to the south. Mr. W. J. Gordon's private residence also 
is in this neighborhood, on the bank of the lake. Adjoining it on 
the lake front is " Fair Banks," the residence of Mr. A. W. Fair- 
banks, probably the most charming spot on the whole line of the 
i 3 




auk 

SUPERIOR STREET 



-BISHOP S MANSION. 



19A 



thwland °X§dluifiate4 



X, 




11 wlmm^^^m 



'hvetand ^tiuMlafod. 



195 




1 

RESIDENCE OF A. W. FAIRBANKS. 

lake. Nature and art have combined to make this a place of 
exquisite beauty. The drive eastward passes several other tastefully- 
located and comfortably built residences, some of them for summer 
occupancy only, and others occupied all the year round. " Coit's," 
a summer hotel much frequented by the well-to-do Cleveland 
families, lies still further along the road. The pretty little village of 
Glenville is also on this road. 

A pleasant drive can be had by varying the route home from 
Lake View Cemetery. A little way west of the cemetery Euclid 
avenue passes Fairmount avenue ; turning southeast along this ave- 
nue until Woodland Hills is reached a straight road lies before the 
traveler, conveying him along a ridge from which a fine view of the 
city can be obtained. This route ends at the gate of the Northern 
Ohio Lunatic Asylum, and the drive can profitably be continued 
within the handsome grounds of the Asylum. The most direct and 
pleasant way back to the center of the city will then be by Broadway. 

A charming drive, and one that is taken by hundreds every week 
during the summer, is the road to Rocky River. Crossing the river 
and ascending Detroit street hill, the straight road along Detroit 
street may be taken, or a digression made by way of Church street, 



196 



vihmiand '^UuiituUd. 



or still further to the south by Franklin street. In this way a num- 
ber of fine residences are passed, and by turning northward the 
proper route along Detroit street is regained. From the moment 
the boundary of the city is past the way lies along a road bounded 
on either side by comfortable residences and well-kept grounds, fine 
orchards and extensive and fruitful vineyards. Rocky River itself 
is a spot made highly attractive by nature, and which has been made 
more so by liberal and judicious expenditures. The river seeks the 




CHURCH STREET WEST SIDE. 

lake through a deep ravine, the banks of which, near the mouth, are 
crowned with handsomely arranged grounds, open to the pleasure 
seeker. Large and well-kept summer hotels and houses of call are 
in the immediate neighborhood, and in the river are a number of 
neat sail and row boats on hire. During the entire summer the 
grounds are thronged with pic-nic parties, who go there by the road, 
or by the Rocky River Railroad, or by the several small steamers 
that run regularly, or by special charter, from the city. 

There are other pleasant drives around and out of the city. In 
fact, no one of the many avenues leading from the city's center to 
the surrounding country but will be found attractive for an after- 
noon's drive on a pleasant day. 



INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE. 

City Hall 2 

Cleveland Und-rthe Hill in 1800 10 

Plat of the Village of Cleveland, 1814 14 

Old Tiiniiy Church 17 

Cou t House in 1828 20 

First School House 22 

The Old Academy 23 

Old Prospect Street School 24 

The First High School 26 

Cleveland, ia57 27 

Union Passenger Depot 29 

Kennard House 36 

Weadell House 37 

Forest City House 38 

American House 39 

Strei binder House , 40 

Euclid Avenue Opera House 43 

Case Hall 44 

Going to a Fire 50 

Water Works 52 

Viaduct, from foot of Detroit Street 55 

Work-House 58 

Industr al Home 60 

Monumental Park, Northwest Section, 18 T6 62 

Monumental Park, Northwest Section, 1839 63 

Perry's Monument 65 

Monumental Park — Kustic Bridge 66 

Superior Street, West from Monumental Park 67 

Monumen'al Park, from Forest City House 68 

Lake View Park 70 

Circle, West Side 71 

Erie Street Cemetery— Main Entrance 72 

Woodland Avenue Cemetery— Main Entrance 74 

Lake View Cemetery— Front View of Receiving Vault 75 

Lake View Cemetery— Side View of Receiving Vault 76 

Lake View Cemetery— Pond 77 

Brownell Street School 80 

Central High School 81 



198 Cleveland Illustrated— Index to Illustrations. 

PAGE. 

Normal School 84 

Northern Ohio Hospital for the Insane 93 

Charity Hospital 95 

Cleveland City Hospital 97 

The Retreat, on St. Clair Street 100 

Boarding Home of the Woman's Christian Association 101 

Young Men's Christian Association Building... 102 

Central Place Friendly Inn— Interior View 110 

Bethel Home Ill 

Cuyahoga River, View 1 114 

Cuyahoga River, View 2 115 

Light House on the Hill lit! 

Court House, 1858 119 

New Court House, 1876 122 

Post Office and Custom House 125 

Union Club House 130 

Entrance to Northern Ohio Fair and Cleveland Club Grounds 131 

Brooks School 133 

Cleveland Medical College 135 

Homoeopathic Hospital College 136 

Trinity Church, 1876 139 

St. Paul's Church, 1856 140 

St. Paul's Church, 1876 141 

First Methodist Episcopal Church 143 

Stone Church, First Presbyterian, 1834 145 

Stone Church, First Presbyterian, 1876 146 

First Baptist Church, 18a5 147 

First Baptist Church, 1876 148 

Second Baptist Church, 1876 150 

St. Joseph's Church 153 

Herald Office 156 

Evangelical Publishing House 160 

Bank Street 161 

National Bank Building 162 

Society for Savings Building 163 

E. I. Baldwin & Co.'s Building 164 

S. Brainard's Sons' Building _ 165 

S. Brainard's Sons' Salesroom 167 

Cleveland Paper Company's Building 168 

J. W. Carson & Co.'s Building 170 

W. P. Fogg & Co.'s Building 171 

A. S. Herenden Furniture Company's Building 172 

Gotf. Saal's Building 173 

Manslleld & Co 's Store 174 

Numsen & Whitney's— Interior View 176 

H. Weisgerber's Block 178 

J. H Pratt & Co.'s Building 179 

King Iron Bridge Works 181 

Abbott, Brew & Co.'s Works - 183 

Sims & Warden's Carriage Works 185 



Cleveland Illustrated - Index to Text. 199 

PAGE. 

Euclid Avenue— View of Street 186 

Euclid Avenue— View of Lawns 188 

Residence of L. E. Holden 189 

Wade's Park.. _ 190 

Case Avenue 191 

Residence of S. M. Carpenter 192 

Residence of the Catholic Bishop -. U13 

Gordon Park 194 

Residence of A. W. Fairbanks 195 

Church Street, West Side " 196 



INDEX TO TEXT. 



PAGE. 

Academy of Music 45 

American House 39 

Amusements 43-45 

Atlantic & Great Western Railroad 34 

Abbott, Brew & Co 182-183 

Banks and Banking Houses. 1 , .162-162 

Ball, a Pioneer 9 

Bank, The first 16 

Battle of the Bridge 21 

Birch House 41 

Board of City Improvemeuts 54 

Brainard's Sons... 165-167 

Broadway 195 

Business Houses 164-180 

Case Avenue 191 

Case Hall 44 

Cemeteries 72-78 

Charter, Village, obtained.. 15 

Charter, City, obtained 19 

Churches 137-154 

City Hall 46 

City Hotel 41 

Cleveland Hotel 41 

Carson, J. W., & Co: 170 



200 Cleveland Illustrated — Index lo Text. 

PAGK. 

Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad 33 

Cleveland, Tuscarawas? Valley & Wheeling Railway 35 

Cleveland. Co'umbm, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway 30 

Cleaveland, General Moses, enters the Cuyahoga River , 7 

Cleveland, Map of, in 1814 14 

Clubs 130-133 

"Coits" 195 

Court, The first 12 

Court Hnu-e-s and Jails 119 

Coal, The first load of 18 

Deed, A good, rejected 17 

Detroit Afreet to Rocky River . 196 

Downie, Wm 177 

East Prospect Street 192 

Euclid Avenue 187-189 

Euclid Avenue Opera House '. 42 

" Fair Hanks"' 193 

Falrmount Avenue 195 

Fire Department 49 

Fogg, W P.,&Co 171 

Forest City Business College 175 

Forest City House 38 

Gordon Park 193 

Globe Theatre .' 45 

Harbor of Refuge 117 

Herenden, A. 8.. Furniture Company 172 

Hospitals and Benevolent Institutions 92-112 

House of < Orrection 58 

Hotels 36-41 

Inches, Miss Cloe, arrives and is married 8 

Industrial Farm, School and Home 60 

Industrial School 59 

Infirmary 57 

Kcnnard House 36 

King Iron Bridge Manufacturing Company 181 

Lake View Cemetery 

Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway 31 

Lake Commerce 113 

Light- 1 louses 116 

Libraries and Museums 86-91 

Leonad, C H ,&Co 178 

Lottery for Harbor Improvement 15 

Manufactories 180-185 

Mayors of Cleveland and Ohio City 28 

Medical Colleges 135-136 

Mil tary Organizations 12(5-127 

Militia Training. The first 12 

Municipal Government 47 

Mansfield, J.. & Co 174 

Newspapers, The first 18 



Cleveland Illustrated — Index to Text. 20 1 

TAGE. 

Newspapers and Publishing Houses 155-161 

New England House] 41 

Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum Grounds 195 

Numsen & Whitney 176 

Ohio Canal opened 18 

Ohio City settled 20 

Omic, the Indian murderer, hung 12 

Parks, Public 62-71 

Paper Company, Cleveland 168-169 

Police Department 51 

Population Statistics 28 

Pratt, J. H., & Company 179 

Prediction, A Startling, fulfilled 12 

Private Schools 133-134 

Public Schools 79-85 

Railroad, Approaches to Cleveland by ,. 29-35 

Railway Communication opened 27 

Religious Organizations 16 

Riding to the Ball 11 

Rides and Drives 186-196 

Saal Gotf 173 

Scared out of their wits 12 

School, The first township 9 

School, The first village 12 

School System organized .. 21 

Sermon, The first 9 

Sim- & Warden 1 185 

Standard Oil Company 184 

Street Railroads _ ..128-129 

Striebinger House 40 

St. Clair Place 41 

St. Clair Road.. 193 

Steamboat Lines 35 

Theatre Comique .. 45 

United States Buildings 121-126 

Wade's Park 190 

" Walk-in-the- Water" enters port 18 

Water Works 52 

Weddell House 37 

Wedding, The first 8 

Weisgerber 178 

Willson Avenue 191 

Woodland Hills 195 



202 



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Cleveland Illustrated — Advertisements. 203 

loYBlaniL.^olnmlins.^inclnnati^ TnOianapolis 




TO THE 

Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. 



Evening trains leave CLEVELAND daily with Rotunda Sleeping Cars, 
for COLUMBUS, CINCINNATI, INDIANAPOLIS, LOUISVILLE, TERRE 
HAUTE, EVANSVILLE, ST. LOUIS and all points West and South. 

Morning Trains leave daily, except Sunday, with through Palace Coaches, 
for COLUMBUS, CINCINNATI, INDIANAPOLIS, LOUISVILLE, and 
ST. LOUIS without change. 

This is the only line making direct connection from all the Principal Trunk 
Lines of the East, for NASHVILLE, MEMPHIS, NEW ORLEANS and all 
points in Texas, either by way of LOUISVILLE or ST. LOUIS. 

Direct connection at ST. LOUIS for all Railway Towns in Kansas, 
Nebraska and Colorado. 



The Best Road-Bed and Safest Road in the West. 
Tickets for this Route for Sale at all Regular Ticket Offices. 



E. S. FLINT, A. J. SMITH, S. F. PIERSON, 

General Superintendent. Asst. Gen't Ticket Ag't. General Ticket Ag't. 



204 Cleveland Illustrated— Advertisements. 



B. J". ZMZZEL^ZDIE, 



1215 Euclid Avenue, 



C. &. P. Crossing, 




(Interfering, gorging & all Diseases of the $eet 



Will Receive Special Attention. 



CLEVELAND, OHIO. 



Cleveland Illustrated — Advertisements. 



205 




fanufladuring Jeweler, 

JJlAMOND j^ETTINQ, "^NQFJ^VINq AND $Jn AMEL I NQ, 

Door Plates and Seals Cut. 



BEPAIEIUG PEOPBBLY ZDOIETE. 



Office and Factory, 11 Euclid Avenue, 

CLEVELAND, OHIO. 




MANUFACTURER OF ALL KINDS OF 

LADIES' AND MISSES' EINE HAND-MADE 



«i 



ft2 5 



&& 



CUSTOM-MADE WORK CONSTANTLY ON HAND. 



No. 808 Euclid Avenue, Old No. 5, 
Cleveland, .... - Ohio. 



206 



Cleveland Illustrated— Advertisements. 



"WILLIAM SABIN, 



MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN 



Gloves, Mittens* Whips, 

79 Michigan Street, 

Cleveland, Ohio. 



^AaC 




I THE PHOTO. ENGS. ARE 
CAST IN METAL. AND . 
CLOSELY RESEMBLE f^* 
FIRST CLASS WOOD CUTS.| 

iTHEY CAN BE 

! USED IN ANY 
PRINTING PRESS 



mmmm 

OF 



MAPS, PORTRAITS, 
BOOK&CATALOGUE 
| ILLUSTRATIONS, 
j^~ IMACHINERr, 
jjy j STOVES. E CT. 



3 



ENGRAVINGS BY THIS NEW AND BEAUTIFUL PROCESS. 

AT ONE HALF THE COST OF WOOD-CUTS. 

ENTIRE SATISFACTION SUARANTEED.^BOND & CHANDLER MANAGERS. 
? SEND FOR ESTIMATES. )"( COR. MADISON & CLARK STS. 



DE. C. E. EDSON, 

DENTIST, 

'74: IPiablic Square, Over Fulton Market. 

FIRST-CLASS WORK. 

$8.00 FOR UPPER OR LOWER SET OF TEETH, 
All Work Warranted. 



Cleveland Illustrated — Advertisements. 



20, 




BARRETT, 

Silk Hats 

Manufacturer. 




office ofI\. f . ^ARRETT 8f f 0. 

CLEVELAND HAT EACTORY, 



No. 223 Superior Street, 



( Wleveland ; @. ; Sept, 9th ; 78?6. 
We leg to inform the public generally ; that in addition 
to our wholesale trade ; we are retailing Silk fflHats. and at 
prices that are from one to two dollars less on a hat. than 
the prices of regular retailers. 

0ur worhmen are of the very lest in the trade ; and the 
senior partner^ Jir. 3Jarrett ; has had twelve years practical 
experience in hatting in &ostcn ; JYew &orlc and £Philadel= 
phi a. We use the lest French £Plushes } and have every 
facility for turning out firsts class worlc. 

<S4>shing the pullic to give us a call and convince 



themselves ; we are 



°Very Respectfully ; 



<$.&.$awM$>6dQ 



223 Superior Street. 



208 Cleveland Illustrated— Advertisements. 




FREEDLE, 
fVto^apher. 

Reader : 

I respectfully desire to 
call your attention to the 
Beautiful Retouched Photo- 
graphs we are making at 
the following prices. 



$1.50 
2.00 
3.00 
6.00 
25c. 



OUR AR1 1ST. 

PHOTOGRAPHS PER DOZEN. 

STANDING OR SITTING, - ~ 

VIGNETTES, - 

MEDALLIONS, - 

CABINETS, - - - " 

FERREOTYPE OR TINTYPE, - - - 

TINTYPttTG I» ALL ITS BUNCHES. 

Old Pictures Copied and Enlarged, and finished in India 

Ink Oil Crayon, or Water Colors, in the 

highest style of the art, from $2.00 

up to life size at $50.00 

Photographer, 

NO. 223 & 225 SUPERIOR ST., CLEVELAND, O. 

Corner SENECA STREET. 



